the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 08 Feb 2024
First observation of the Transient Luminous Events effect on the ionospheric Schumann Resonance, based on the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite
Abstract. In this study, we focus on the effect among the Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) at Luoding (22.76° N, 111.57° E), the lightnings by the World Wide Lightning Location Network, and the ionospheric electric field from the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite. The results show that on September 25, 2021, the signal-to-noise ratio of the Schumann Resonance at the first mode of 6.5 Hz and the second mode of 13 Hz dropped below 2.5 during the TLEs. A significant enhancement of the energy in ULF occurred, and the power spectral density increased substantially. Distinct lightning whistler waves were found in VLF band, further indicating the energy could possibly be excited by the lightnings. Our results indicate that the observations of electric field from the satellite could possibly be utilized to monitor the lower atmospheric lightnings and their impact on the space environment.
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-363', Anonymous Referee #1, 09 Feb 2024
This paper reports what could be a chance coincidence, at ~ 18.30 UT on 25 September 2021. This is a relation between sprites (which are known to perturb the ionospheric D-region above them - references to that should be given) and claimed Schumann resonance (SR) signal changes observed on the CSES satellite. This is in a Sun-synchronous orbit at ~ 500 km altitude. The strength of SR signals at such a height needs to be estimated using magnetoionic theory. The SR changes shown are dramatic, from the first two harmonic signals, at 8 and 14 Hz, to a broadband signal. How this might happen needs justification.
The units of the signal strengths shown in Fig. 3 and 4 are incorrect. If squared, the units in Fig. 4b would be correct, I think.
The fractional hop whistlers shown in Fig. 4 do not have a characteristic "L" shape - see the monograph by Helliwell (1965). What is the duration of the record shown in Fig. 4? How many seconds?
What is the bandwidth of the filters used to generate Fig. 5. What determined the central frequencies used? Why are these values shown to two decimal places? These are ELF signals, not ULF.
In Section 3, much of the discussion is too general and vague.
The three main conclusions need to be redrafted.
To be pedantic, a satellite does not fly; it is in orbit, or it travels in an orbit.
I consider that much more study is required before a paper can be written on this matter.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-363-RC1 - AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Shican Qiu, 25 Apr 2024
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-363', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Mar 2024
This paper as the title describing, presents the first observation of the Transient Luminous Events (TLE) effect on the ionospheric Schumann Resonance (SR), based on the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite. The results are very impressive and novel, which could potentially make significant contribution to the understanding of the electro-coupling between the lower atmosphere and ionosphere. The paper is suitable for ACP and can be published after some revisions and clarifications. The followings are my suggestions of this paper.
- To further exclude the other possible sources or mechanisms that disturb the power Spectral Density of SR. The author should check if this is the impact of a cosmic gamma flare effect. Also the authors should consider the possibility of Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator (IAR) illustrated as multi-band Spectral Resonant Structure (SRS) which is associated with tropospheric sprite lightning flashes. Some discussions should be added around this topic to enhance the readability of the paper.
- If possible, could author provide more cases like the examples shown in the paper which could be appended in the attached files and add a table in the main article.
- If possible, the authors may provide more information of the background global space environment and make sure that this is a local phenomenon at a given time and place.
- The resolution of the figures can be further enhanced.
- Some papers maybe related to the topic of this paper which I think should be added. Maybe missing some latest paper. The authors had better check that.
- Dudkin, V. Pilipenko, V. Korepanov, S. Klimov, R. Holzworth, Electric field signatures of the IAR and Schumann resonance in the upper ionosphere detected by Chibis-M microsatellite, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.05.013, 117, (81-87), (2014).
- L. Shalimov, T. Bösinger, Sprite-Producing Lightning-Ionosphere Coupling and Associated Low-Frequency Phenomena, Space Science Reviews, 10.1007/s11214-011-9812-x, 168, 1-4, (517-531), (2011).
Gabriella Sátori, Michael Rycroft, Pál Bencze, Ferenc Märcz, József Bór, Veronika Barta, Tamás Nagy, Károly Kovács, An Overview of Thunderstorm-Related Research on the Atmospheric Electric Field, Schumann Resonances, Sprites, and the Ionosphere at Sopron, Hungary, Surveys in Geophysics, 10.1007/s10712-013-9222-6, 34, 3, (255-292), (2013).
Tilmann Bösinger, Ágnes Mika, Sergei L. Shalimov, Christos Haldoupis, Torsten Neubert, Is there a unique signature in the ULF response to sprite‐associated lightning flashes?, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 10.1029/2006JA011887, 111, A10, (2006).
- “… CSES are utilized to the study the disturbance of …” remove “the”. Please check every sentence and word to reduce the grammar errors.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-363-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Shican Qiu, 25 Apr 2024
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