Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3433
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3433
14 Nov 2024
 | 14 Nov 2024
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).

Enhanced emission of intermediate/semi-volatile organic matters in both gas and particle phases from ship exhausts with low-sulfur fuels

Binyu Xiao, Fan Zhang, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Rui Li, Can Wu, Xinyi Wan, Yi Wang, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Libo Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang

Abstract. The widespread utilization of low-sulfur fuels in compliance with global sulfur limit regulations has significantly mitigated the emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (PM) on ships. However, significant uncertainties still persist regarding the impact on intermediate/semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs). Therefore, on-board test of I/SVOCs from three ocean-going vessels (OGVs) and four inland cargo ships (ICSs) with low-sulfur fuels (< 0.50 % m/m) in China were carried out in this study. Results showed that the emission factors of total I/SVOCs were 881 ± 487, 1181 ± 421 and 1834 ± 667 mg (kg fuel)-1 for OGVs with heavy fuel oil (HFO), marine gas oil (MGO) and ICSs with 0# diesel, respectively. The transition from low-sulfur content (< 0.50 % m/m) to ultra-low-sulfur content (< 0.10 % m/m) fuels had evidently enhanced the emission factor of I/SVOCs, with non-ignorable contribution from particle-phase I/SVOCs, thereby further amplifying the secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP). Fuel type, engine type, and operating conditions comprehensively influenced the emission factor level, composition, and volatility distribution of I/SVOCs. Notably, a substantial proportion of fatty acids had been identified in ship exhausts, necessitating heightened attention. Furthermore, organic diagnostic markers of hopanes, in conjunction with the C18:0 to C14:0 acid ratio, could be considered as potential markers for HFO exhausts. The findings suggest that there is a necessity to optimize the implementation of a global policy on ultra-low-sulfur oil in the near future.

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Binyu Xiao, Fan Zhang, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Rui Li, Can Wu, Xinyi Wan, Yi Wang, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Libo Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang

Status: open (until 11 Jan 2025)

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Binyu Xiao, Fan Zhang, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Rui Li, Can Wu, Xinyi Wan, Yi Wang, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Libo Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang
Binyu Xiao, Fan Zhang, Zeyu Liu, Yan Zhang, Rui Li, Can Wu, Xinyi Wan, Yi Wang, Yubao Chen, Yong Han, Min Cui, Libo Zhang, Yingjun Chen, and Gehui Wang

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Short summary
Intermediate/semi-volatile organic compounds in both gas and particle phases from ship exhausts are enhanced due to the switch of fuels from low-sulfur to ultra-low-sulfur. The findings indicate that optimization is necessary for the forthcoming global implementation of an ultra-low-sulfur oil policy. Besides, we find that organic diagnostic markers of hopanes, in conjunction with the ratio of octadecanoic to tetradecanoic could be considered as potential tracers for HFO exhausts.