the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 08 Nov 2024
Super Typhoons Mangkhut (2018) and Saola (2023) during landfall: comparison and insights for wind engineering practice
Abstract. Offshore wind turbines are considerably sensitive to wind effects, and wind information of tropical cyclone (TC) lays the basis for their wind-resistant design and anti-TC operation especially in TC-prone areas. While the statistical characteristics of TCs have drawn continuous concerns, the specific features of some typical TC events, which are of practical importance for the daily operation of marine turbines, receive less attention in the wind engineering community. Super Typhoons Mangkhut and Saola are two of the strongest TCs impacting South China. Notably, although Saola was reported to be more intense than Mangkhut, it resulted in much less severe impact and damage. This article presents a comparison study on these two TCs based on comprehensive usage of field records. Results suggest that both Mangkhut and Saola exhibited a concentric eyewall structure during development, but Saola completed the eyewall replacement before landfall, whilst Mangkhut failed to. Consequently, Saola evolved into a more intense and compact storm. By contrast, Mangkhut decayed consistently but still exerted extensive impact over a wider area. Consistent with these features, the wind characteristics of Mangkhut and Saola also demonstrated noteworthy discrepancies. These findings provide useful insights for operation and maintenance strategies of coastal and offshore wind turbines.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
(5567 KB)
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(5567 KB) - Metadata XML
- BibTeX
- EndNote
- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-3223', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 Dec 2024
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Yujie Liu, 17 Jan 2025
Dear Reviewer,
Thank you for your valuable comments and suggestions. We greatly value your feedback and have carefully reviewed and responded to each of your points.
For specifics on the revisions made along with our detailed responses, please refer to the attached document. Should you have any questions or require further discussion, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Once again, thank you for your attention and support!
Best regards,
Y.J. Liu
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Yujie Liu, 17 Jan 2025
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-3223', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Feb 2025
This manuscript offers a comprehensive comparison of the wind field characteristics of two super typhoons, Mangkhut and Hato, aiming to analyze their differences from a wind engineering perspective, including horizontal and vertical wind field structures. It also describes features such as dual eyewalls, gradient winds, and low-level jets for both typhoons. Overall, this is a well-written article, but there are several areas that require modification.
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1 The introduction does not clearly articulate the purpose of this study. Given that the authors are not aiming to develop a more accurate typhoon engineering model, it is suggested that the manuscript's introduction be revised to better reflect the study's objectives.
2 The manuscript mentions work related to artificial intelligence; however, it is unclear how these preliminary studies contribute to the current research.
3 Line 241, it is recommended that the discussion of eyewall replacement cycles be supported by additional references.
4 Line 370, the authors emphasize the role of super-gradient winds in enhancing low-level jets. However, the manuscript lacks a detailed explanation of how super-gradient winds specifically influence the low-level jet characteristics within typhoons. The reviewer suggests further elaboration on this topic.
5 Regarding the impact of super-gradient winds on gradient winds within the typhoon wind field, can the authors locate literature that quantifies this effect?
6 There are issues with some figures, such as Fig. 7(a), where the parameter represented by the y-axis is not labeled; the same issue appears in Fig. 14.
7 The manuscript contains typographical errors (e.g., Line 252 should refer to Typhoon Mangkhut rather than Typhoon Hato) and inconsistencies in font size, such as Lines 215-220 and 365-368.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3223-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Yujie Liu, 15 Feb 2025
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-3223', Anonymous Referee #1, 03 Dec 2024
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Yujie Liu, 17 Jan 2025
Dear Reviewer,
Thank you for your valuable comments and suggestions. We greatly value your feedback and have carefully reviewed and responded to each of your points.
For specifics on the revisions made along with our detailed responses, please refer to the attached document. Should you have any questions or require further discussion, please do not hesitate to contact us.
Once again, thank you for your attention and support!
Best regards,
Y.J. Liu
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Yujie Liu, 17 Jan 2025
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-3223', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Feb 2025
This manuscript offers a comprehensive comparison of the wind field characteristics of two super typhoons, Mangkhut and Hato, aiming to analyze their differences from a wind engineering perspective, including horizontal and vertical wind field structures. It also describes features such as dual eyewalls, gradient winds, and low-level jets for both typhoons. Overall, this is a well-written article, but there are several areas that require modification.
Â
1 The introduction does not clearly articulate the purpose of this study. Given that the authors are not aiming to develop a more accurate typhoon engineering model, it is suggested that the manuscript's introduction be revised to better reflect the study's objectives.
2 The manuscript mentions work related to artificial intelligence; however, it is unclear how these preliminary studies contribute to the current research.
3 Line 241, it is recommended that the discussion of eyewall replacement cycles be supported by additional references.
4 Line 370, the authors emphasize the role of super-gradient winds in enhancing low-level jets. However, the manuscript lacks a detailed explanation of how super-gradient winds specifically influence the low-level jet characteristics within typhoons. The reviewer suggests further elaboration on this topic.
5 Regarding the impact of super-gradient winds on gradient winds within the typhoon wind field, can the authors locate literature that quantifies this effect?
6 There are issues with some figures, such as Fig. 7(a), where the parameter represented by the y-axis is not labeled; the same issue appears in Fig. 14.
7 The manuscript contains typographical errors (e.g., Line 252 should refer to Typhoon Mangkhut rather than Typhoon Hato) and inconsistencies in font size, such as Lines 215-220 and 365-368.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-3223-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Yujie Liu, 15 Feb 2025
Peer review completion
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
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Yujie Liu
Pakwai Chan
Aiming Liu
Qijun Gao
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(5567 KB) - Metadata XML