the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Impacts of meteorology and emission reductions on haze pollution during the lockdown in the North China Plain: Insights from six-year simulations
Abstract. Haze events across the North China Plain (NCP) during the COVID-19 lockdown have highlighted the complexities of air quality management in the face of reduced human activity. While previous studies have focused primarily on the atmospheric chemistry processes under anomalous weather conditions, interactions between air pollutants, atmospheric chemistry, and their responses to emissions and meteorological factors remain underexplored. Here, we utilized the WRF-Chem model to assess the impact of abrupt emission reductions and meteorological conditions on PM2.5 levels across the NCP. By comparing simulations sensitive to meteorological conditions with climatology averaged over 2015–2019 and considering the sudden decrease in anthropogenic emissions due to the lockdown, we identified significant regional disparities. In the Northern NCP (NNCP), adverse meteorological conditions negated the benefits of emission reductions, leading to a net increase in PM2.5 levels by 30 to 60 μg m-3 during haze episodes. Conversely, the Southern NCP (SNCP) experienced a decrease in PM2.5 levels attributed to favourable meteorological conditions combined with emission reductions, with decreases ranging from 20 to 40 μg m-3 during the same periods. Our results highlight the critical role of meteorological conditions in modulating the effects of emission reductions, particularly in regions like the NNCP, where adverse weather can significantly counteract the benefits of reduced emissions. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interactions between emissions, meteorology, and air quality, underscoring the necessity of integrated approaches that address emissions and atmospheric dynamics.
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2704', Anonymous Referee #1, 26 Sep 2024
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This manuscript presents a significant study examining the impacts of meteorology and emission reductions on PM2.5 levels during the COVID-19 lockdown in the North China Plain (NCP). The authors utilize the WRF-Chem model to investigate the complex interactions between anthropogenic emissions, meteorology, and air quality, revealing important regional disparities in PM2.5 responses between the Northern and Southern NCP. The analysis of how adverse meteorological conditions in the Northern NCP negated the benefits of emission reductions is particularly noteworthy. This manuscript aligns with the scope of ACP, and the methodology is sound. However, there are several areas that require enhancement, particularly in clarifying the research objectives, providing more detail in the methodology, and including the rationale for the selected model and specific parameters. I will recommend acceptance of the manuscript after the following minor concerns are addressed.
Major comments:
- The relationship between air pollution and emission reduction during the COVID-19 lockdown in China is a notable case in air pollution control; however, there are several existing studies on this topic. It is recommended that the author further enhance the discussion by more robustly comparing the results of this study with prior research, thereby underscoring the distinctive contributions of this paper.
- The authors have distinctly defined two regions of interest, namely the NNCP and the SNCP. Please elaborate on the specific reasons why these two regions were designated as depicted in Figure 1? What were the crucial factors that the authors took into account when defining the boundaries of the two regions?
- The authors mainly discuss the spatial differences in the impact of emissions and meteorology on the total PM5 concentrations, how about the chemical components within PM2.5, particularly secondary inorganic and organic aerosols? Do these chemical components exhibit the same spatial variation characteristics?
Minor comments:
- Provide a rationale for using the WRF-Chem model, highlighting its advantages for simulating meteorological and chemical interactions. Include specific parameters used in the WRF-Chem model simulations, such as resolution, boundary conditions, and initial conditions. This detail will help readers understand the modeling approach and assess its performance.
- Present percentage reductions in emissions during the lockdown to contextualize the observed PM5 changes, enhancing the understanding of emission effectiveness.
- In section 3.1, the formulas from 1 to 3 are garbled, please correct them.
- Please standardize the subscript for PM5 in the manuscript.
- Coloured or marked text in *.pdf manuscript file is not allowed. Please provide a clean version of *pdf manuscript file (with black text) with the next revision.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2704-RC1
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