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https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2633
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2633
29 Aug 2024
 | 29 Aug 2024

Enhanced Sulfate Formation in Mixed Biomass Burning and Sea-salt Particles Mediated by Photosensitization: Effects of Chloride and Nitrogen-containing Compounds

Rongzhi Tang, Jialiang Ma, Ruifeng Zhang, Weizhen Cui, Yuanyuan Qin, Yangxi Chu, Yiming Qin, Alexander L. Vogel, and Chak K. Chan

Abstract. Recent research has suggested that photosensitized oxidation can be an effective pathway for the oxidation of SO2 based on a limited number of model photosensitizers. However, there is a notable dearth of research conducted on complex chemical systems, impeding a comprehensive understanding of sulfate formation in photosensitization. This work studied sulfate formation by mixing real biomass burning (BB) extracts and NaCl, mimicking internal mixtures of BB and sea-salt particles. Significant enhancement of sulfate formation was observed for BB-NaCl particles compared to incense burning (IS)-NaCl particles. For fresh particles, the sulfate formation rate followed the trend of corn straw (CS)-NaCl>rice straw (RS)-NaCl>wheat straw (WS)-NaCl>IS-NaCl. Aged particles were produced by irradiating the filters directly with UV lights. Aged particles showed changes in sulfate formation rates, with the highest enhancement by RS-NaCl due to interactions between RS and NaCl. Model experiments spiked with nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs), such as pyrazine (CHN) and 4-nitrocatechol (CHON), revealed positive effects of chloride in the PS-CHON system and negative effects in the PS-CHN system. Our work suggests that BB reaching or near coastal areas could affect sulfate formation via photosensitizer-mediated reactions, potentially exacerbating air quality concerns.

Publisher's note: Copernicus Publications remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims made in the text, published maps, institutional affiliations, or any other geographical representation in this preprint. The responsibility to include appropriate place names lies with the authors.
Rongzhi Tang, Jialiang Ma, Ruifeng Zhang, Weizhen Cui, Yuanyuan Qin, Yangxi Chu, Yiming Qin, Alexander L. Vogel, and Chak K. Chan

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Sep 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Rongzhi Tang, 15 Oct 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Sep 2024
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Rongzhi Tang, 15 Oct 2024
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Xinke Wang, 17 Sep 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Xinke Wang, 17 Sep 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Rongzhi Tang, 15 Oct 2024

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Anonymous Referee #1, 06 Sep 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Rongzhi Tang, 15 Oct 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Anonymous Referee #2, 09 Sep 2024
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Rongzhi Tang, 15 Oct 2024
  • CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Xinke Wang, 17 Sep 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2633', Xinke Wang, 17 Sep 2024
    • AC3: 'Reply on RC3', Rongzhi Tang, 15 Oct 2024
Rongzhi Tang, Jialiang Ma, Ruifeng Zhang, Weizhen Cui, Yuanyuan Qin, Yangxi Chu, Yiming Qin, Alexander L. Vogel, and Chak K. Chan
Rongzhi Tang, Jialiang Ma, Ruifeng Zhang, Weizhen Cui, Yuanyuan Qin, Yangxi Chu, Yiming Qin, Alexander L. Vogel, and Chak K. Chan

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Short summary
This study provided laboratory evidence that the photosensitizers in biomass burning extracts can enhance the sulfate formation in NaCl particles, primarily by triggering the formation of secondary oxidants under light and air, with less contribution of direct photosensitization via triplets.