Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2578
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2578
18 Sep 2024
 | 18 Sep 2024

Retrieval of Atmospheric Water Vapor and Temperature Profiles over Antarctica through Iterative Approach

Zhimeng Zhang, Shannon Brown, and Andreas Colliander

Abstract. Retrieving atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles presents considerable challenges over land surfaces using microwave radiometry due to uncertainties associated with estimating background surface emissions. In response, we have devised an approach that integrates the atmospheric retrieval algorithm with the background emission algorithm, establishing an iterative loop to refine the accuracy of atmospheric profiles. Leveraging optimal estimation techniques with sounding channels spanning from Ka- to G-band obtained from ATMS, we successfully retrieved atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles across space and time. These retrieved atmospheric profiles undergo continual updates throughout each iteration, exerting influence on subsequent surface retrievals. This iterative process persists until convergence is achieved in the atmospheric retrieval. The algorithm's novelty lies in its fusion of surface retrieval with atmospheric retrieval, thereby enhancing overall accuracy. We validated the retrievals against radiosonde data. Our iterative algorithm proved to be efficient and accurate in retrieving temperature profiles with surface emissivity and in detecting melting events. Though our algorithm was able to capture the water vapor variations, the results showed that to obtain accurate absolute values of the water content an independently retrieved surface emissivity is required.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

24 Sep 2025
Retrieval of atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles over Antarctica from satellite microwave observations using an iterative approach
Zhimeng Zhang, Shannon Brown, and Andreas Colliander
The Cryosphere, 19, 4011–4026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4011-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4011-2025, 2025
Short summary
Zhimeng Zhang, Shannon Brown, and Andreas Colliander

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2578', Anonymous Referee #1, 18 Dec 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Zhimeng Zhang, 21 May 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2578', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Mar 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Zhimeng Zhang, 21 May 2025

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2578', Anonymous Referee #1, 18 Dec 2024
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Zhimeng Zhang, 21 May 2025
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2578', Anonymous Referee #2, 13 Mar 2025
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Zhimeng Zhang, 21 May 2025

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (further review by editor and referees) (24 Jun 2025) by Emily Collier
AR by Zhimeng Zhang on behalf of the Authors (27 Jun 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (05 Jul 2025) by Emily Collier
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (22 Jul 2025)
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (25 Jul 2025) by Emily Collier
AR by Zhimeng Zhang on behalf of the Authors (29 Jul 2025)  Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

24 Sep 2025
Retrieval of atmospheric water vapor and temperature profiles over Antarctica from satellite microwave observations using an iterative approach
Zhimeng Zhang, Shannon Brown, and Andreas Colliander
The Cryosphere, 19, 4011–4026, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4011-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-4011-2025, 2025
Short summary
Zhimeng Zhang, Shannon Brown, and Andreas Colliander
Zhimeng Zhang, Shannon Brown, and Andreas Colliander

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Short summary
Retrieving accurate water vapor and temperature profiles over land is challenging due to uncertainties in estimating surface emissions. To address this, we've developed an iterative method that combines atmospheric retrieval with surface emissions estimation. Using ATMS data across various microwave frequencies, we successfully tracked atmospheric temperature and humidity changes. Testing against Radiosonde data showed our method is efficient and accurate, especially in detecting melting events.
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