Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2350
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2350
20 Aug 2024
 | 20 Aug 2024

Evidence of an Ozone Mini-Hole Structure in the Early Hunga Plume Above the Indian Ocean

Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmino, Michaël Sicard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann

Abstract. On 15 January 2022, the Hunga volcano (20.5° S, 175.4° E) erupted, releasing significant amounts of aerosols, water vapor (H2O) and a moderate quantity of sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere. Due to the general stratospheric circulation of the southern hemisphere, this volcanic plume traveled westward and impacted the Indian Ocean and Reunion (21.1° S, 55.5° E) a few days after the eruption. This study aims to describe current observations of an ozone mini-hole in the first week following the eruption. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) aerosol extinction profiles were used to investigate the vertical and latitudinal extension of the volcanic plume over the Indian Ocean. The volcanic aerosol plume was also observed with an aerosol lidar and a sun-photometer located at Reunion. The impact of this plume on stratospheric ozone was then investigated using the Microwave Limb Spectrometer (MLS) and Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) ozone profiles and total ozone maps. Results show that the volcanic plume was observed over Reunion at altitudes ranging from 26.8 to 29.7 km and spanned more than 20 degrees of latitude on 22 January while over the Indian Ocean. Ozone maps reveal an ozone mini-hole structure, with a maximum Total Column Ozone (TCO) anomaly of -38.97 ± 25.39 DU from IASI on 21 January. The MLS profiles impacted by the Hunga water vapor plume show an average ozone anomaly of -0.43 ppmv with a standard deviation of 0.66 ppmv at the 14.68 hPa pressure level.

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Journal article(s) based on this preprint

22 Sep 2025
Evidence of a transient ozone depletion event in the early Hunga plume above the Indian Ocean
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmiño, Michaël Sicard, Anne Boynard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10887–10905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025, 2025
Short summary
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmino, Michaël Sicard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2350', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Sep 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2350', Anonymous Referee #2, 19 Oct 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2350', Anonymous Referee #3, 24 Oct 2024

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2350', Anonymous Referee #1, 29 Sep 2024
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2350', Anonymous Referee #2, 19 Oct 2024
  • RC3: 'Comment on egusphere-2024-2350', Anonymous Referee #3, 24 Oct 2024

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
AR by Tristan MILLET on behalf of the Authors (13 Dec 2024)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (13 Dec 2024) by Michael Pitts
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (06 Jan 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (13 Feb 2025)
ED: Reconsider after major revisions (26 Feb 2025) by Michael Pitts
AR by Tristan MILLET on behalf of the Authors (04 Apr 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (04 Apr 2025) by Michael Pitts
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (05 Apr 2025)
RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (20 May 2025)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (21 May 2025) by Michael Pitts
AR by Tristan MILLET on behalf of the Authors (30 May 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (24 Jun 2025) by Michael Pitts
AR by Tristan MILLET on behalf of the Authors (03 Jul 2025)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish as is (07 Jul 2025) by Michael Pitts
AR by Tristan MILLET on behalf of the Authors (15 Jul 2025)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

22 Sep 2025
Evidence of a transient ozone depletion event in the early Hunga plume above the Indian Ocean
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmiño, Michaël Sicard, Anne Boynard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 10887–10905, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-10887-2025, 2025
Short summary
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmino, Michaël Sicard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann
Tristan Millet, Hassan Bencherif, Thierry Portafaix, Nelson Bègue, Alexandre Baron, Valentin Duflot, Cathy Clerbaux, Pierre-François Coheur, Andrea Pazmino, Michaël Sicard, Jean-Marc Metzger, Guillaume Payen, Nicolas Marquestaut, and Sophie Godin-Beekmann

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Latest update: 22 Sep 2025
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Short summary
On 15 January 2022, the Hunga volcano erupted, releasing aerosols, sulfur dioxide, and water vapor into the stratosphere, impacting ozone levels over the Indian Ocean. MLS and IASI data show that the volcanic plume decreased ozone levels within the stratospheric ozone layer, shaping a structure similar to an ozone mini-hole. A stable stratosphere, free of dynamical barriers, enabled the volcanic plume's transport over the Indian Ocean.
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