the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 08 Jan 2024
Evidence of slow millennial cliff retreat rates using cosmogenic nuclides in coastal colluvium
Abstract. The erosion of rocky coasts contributes to global cycles of elements over geological times and also constitutes a major hazard that may potentially increase in the future. Yet, it remains a challenge to quantify rocky coast retreat rates over millennia; a time span that encompasses the stochasticity of the processes involved. Specifically, there are no available methods that can be used to quantify slow coastal erosion (< 1 cm yr-1) averaged over millennia. Here, we use the 10Be concentration in colluvium, corresponding to the by-product of aerial rocky coast erosion, to quantify the local coastal retreat rate averaged over millennia. We test this approach along the Mediterranean coast of the Eastern Pyrenees (n=8) and the desert coast in Southern Peru (n=3). We observe a consistent relationship between the inferred erosion rates, the geomorphic and climatic contexts. The retreat rates are similar, 0.3–0.5 mm yr-1 for five samples taken on the Mediterranean coast, whereas one sample located on a cape and two samples from a vegetated colluvium have a lower rate of ~0.1 mm yr-1. The coastal retreat rate of the drier Peruvian coast is slower at 0.05 mm yr-1. Although the integration periods of these erosion rates may encompass pre-Holocene times, during which the sea-level and thus the retreat rate were much lower, we conclude here that the associated bias on the inferred retreat rate is less than 80 %. We anticipate that this new method of quantifying slow rocky coastal erosion will fill a major gap in the coastal erosion database and improve our understanding of both coastal erosion factors and hazards.
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Notice on discussion status
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Luca C Malatesta, 24 Feb 2024
Review of Evidence of slow millennial cliff retreat rates using cosmogenic nuclides in coastal colluvium by Bossis and colleagues.
Luca Malatesta
Dear Editor, dear Authors,
In this short and clear contribution, Bossis and colleagues introduce a new method to quantify rates of coastal cliff retreat on a previously elusive timescale of kyr. To fill this important gap in coastal studies, the authors collect fresh colluvium at the base of quartz bearing cliffs and scarps and measure their 10Be concentration to back calculate a rate of denudation. This method is adapted from a similar approach that helps constrain the rate of lateral erosion in rivers. Three sites are used to test the method and the results conform to reasoned expectations. There are no independent confirmation of the rates but that reflects the novelty of the approach. I had reviewed an earlier version of this text submitted to another journal and my initial comments are all addressed. The current manuscript focuses on the method and its potential, and does so with clarity. I have minor comments that mostly concern readability. I believe the manuscript to be very close to publication.
Note that I am not a specialist in cosmogenic nuclides and cannot comment on specific details of the methodology.
I address the authors directly for my comments.
I think that the authors should cite and comment the interesting of Swirad and Young (2022, Geomorphology https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108318) where the relative contribution of waves and precipitation for cliff erosion is discussed based on repeat lidar surveys. It is valuable as an example of Lidar constraints but more importantly helps understand where and why erosion can occur on coastal scarps.
Formulations and rigor of language.
Throughout the text, there are a few elements of language that veer on the poetic and figurative and do not provide clear-cut information. Below you will find examples and it would be good to screen the manuscript for more.
l. 28: “does little” What is the issue? If “little” what is the little amount that is done?
l. 134: “budding vegetation” it is my understanding that when referring to vegetation, budding keeps its literal sense (developing buds) and not the figurative one that the authors were presumably targeting. “budding vegetation composed of” can be removed.
l. 148-149: to rise rapidly at a decreasing rate is an odd phrasing.
Discussion of the low erosion rates
I was confused reading the last four paragraphs of the discussion. It should be explaining the reason behind “surprisingly low erosion rates” (l. 198). But I don’t see which sites you refer to. The previous paragraph was about particularly high rates of erosion. And the before that, the slower rates in Peru do not seem surprising as they fit your expectations and you explain them already. Is it just a theoretical discussion or am I missing the link with a field site?
Terminology: recession, retreat, erosion
You are using the term “recession” throughout the manuscript. Is that different from the more commonly used “retreat”? I am more familiar with retreat, or simply erosion. Is recession specific to coastal cliffs? Would it be simpler to stick to retreat for all cliffs?
Line by line comments:
l. 7 “[…] erosion rates, AND the geomorphic and climatic […]”
l. 9 I think that “colluvium” is not used as a countable object: “from vegetated colluvium”
l. 16, 38 “wave action” not “waves action”
l. 28 Do you mean “account for” instead of “integrate for”? Alternatively drop the “for”
l. 38 “rocks resistant to wave erosion”. All rocks are “resistant” to erosion. It is a matter of how much.
l. 46 “less dissected” I can't see any river on your pictures. "less" or “not"?
l. 49-50 “With this method, we obtain slow cliff recession rates, between 0.05 and 0.5 mm/a.” This suggests that this method can only capture this one order of magnitude. Is that the case? I think you are actually talking about the three sites you target here. Worth clarifying.
l. 50 mm/yr not mm/a, distance per time, not per age.
l. 50 “reverse” do you mean inverse?
l. 55 The sentence suggests that it is expected that there’s a hillslope above the cliff but that it will be ignored.
l. 56 ongoing erosion?
l. 66 coasts don't have a summit, or do they? I think it's clearer to directly mention the object you target, which is the top of the coastal cliff.
l. 70-71 the escarpment surface is regolith? or the top surface in which the cliff is cut?
l. 93 small note: subscripts that are not variables themselves are usually not italicized.
l. 134-135 Is it just an educated guess (fine by me), or is there a method behind this estimate?
l. 148-149: So, when did the platform emerge? when did waves stop reaching the base of the cliff?
l. 229: “when the sea level was largely below the current one, implying that the sea and waves” can be replaced by “when the sea level was lower and the waves”
Figure 1 caption: “rather progressive” what does that mean?
Figure 2 caption: “vertical equidistance” I don't know what vertical equidistance is. I guess it means contour line spacing. In the case I'm not the only person unfamiliar with the term, I'd suggest "contour lines are traced every 20 m." Feel free to ignore.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020-RC1 - AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Sebastien Carretier, 18 Jul 2024
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CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Klaus Wilcken, 22 May 2024
Publisher’s note: this comment is a copy of RC2 and its content was therefore removed.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020-CC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Klaus Wilcken, 23 May 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2023-3020/egusphere-2023-3020-RC2-supplement.pdf
- AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Sebastien Carretier, 18 Jul 2024
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EC1: 'Editor comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Veerle Vanacker, 23 May 2024
Dear authors and reviewers,
Two referees have carefully read the manuscript, and I sincerely thank them for providing insightful reviews. The referees appreciated the development of a novel cosmogenic nuclide-based approach for quantifying coastal erosion of cliff coasts, and provided clear guidelines for the revisions.
The detailed suggestions by RC1 and RC2 can help to clarify key concepts, ideas and terminology, RC2 also asked for a careful revision of the data tables, and asked to include more information on blank correction and error propagation. These methodological issues can be addressed during the revisions, and the detailed information can be summarised in a short technical note in the supplementary information. RC2 also mentioned a few points that can be further developed to strengthen the discussion.
I encourage the authors to revise their manuscript, and to upload a revised manuscript and detailed response letter.
Warm regards,
Veerle Vanacker, Associate Editor
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020-EC1 - AC3: 'Reply on EC1', Sebastien Carretier, 18 Jul 2024
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Luca C Malatesta, 24 Feb 2024
Review of Evidence of slow millennial cliff retreat rates using cosmogenic nuclides in coastal colluvium by Bossis and colleagues.
Luca Malatesta
Dear Editor, dear Authors,
In this short and clear contribution, Bossis and colleagues introduce a new method to quantify rates of coastal cliff retreat on a previously elusive timescale of kyr. To fill this important gap in coastal studies, the authors collect fresh colluvium at the base of quartz bearing cliffs and scarps and measure their 10Be concentration to back calculate a rate of denudation. This method is adapted from a similar approach that helps constrain the rate of lateral erosion in rivers. Three sites are used to test the method and the results conform to reasoned expectations. There are no independent confirmation of the rates but that reflects the novelty of the approach. I had reviewed an earlier version of this text submitted to another journal and my initial comments are all addressed. The current manuscript focuses on the method and its potential, and does so with clarity. I have minor comments that mostly concern readability. I believe the manuscript to be very close to publication.
Note that I am not a specialist in cosmogenic nuclides and cannot comment on specific details of the methodology.
I address the authors directly for my comments.
I think that the authors should cite and comment the interesting of Swirad and Young (2022, Geomorphology https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108318) where the relative contribution of waves and precipitation for cliff erosion is discussed based on repeat lidar surveys. It is valuable as an example of Lidar constraints but more importantly helps understand where and why erosion can occur on coastal scarps.
Formulations and rigor of language.
Throughout the text, there are a few elements of language that veer on the poetic and figurative and do not provide clear-cut information. Below you will find examples and it would be good to screen the manuscript for more.
l. 28: “does little” What is the issue? If “little” what is the little amount that is done?
l. 134: “budding vegetation” it is my understanding that when referring to vegetation, budding keeps its literal sense (developing buds) and not the figurative one that the authors were presumably targeting. “budding vegetation composed of” can be removed.
l. 148-149: to rise rapidly at a decreasing rate is an odd phrasing.
Discussion of the low erosion rates
I was confused reading the last four paragraphs of the discussion. It should be explaining the reason behind “surprisingly low erosion rates” (l. 198). But I don’t see which sites you refer to. The previous paragraph was about particularly high rates of erosion. And the before that, the slower rates in Peru do not seem surprising as they fit your expectations and you explain them already. Is it just a theoretical discussion or am I missing the link with a field site?
Terminology: recession, retreat, erosion
You are using the term “recession” throughout the manuscript. Is that different from the more commonly used “retreat”? I am more familiar with retreat, or simply erosion. Is recession specific to coastal cliffs? Would it be simpler to stick to retreat for all cliffs?
Line by line comments:
l. 7 “[…] erosion rates, AND the geomorphic and climatic […]”
l. 9 I think that “colluvium” is not used as a countable object: “from vegetated colluvium”
l. 16, 38 “wave action” not “waves action”
l. 28 Do you mean “account for” instead of “integrate for”? Alternatively drop the “for”
l. 38 “rocks resistant to wave erosion”. All rocks are “resistant” to erosion. It is a matter of how much.
l. 46 “less dissected” I can't see any river on your pictures. "less" or “not"?
l. 49-50 “With this method, we obtain slow cliff recession rates, between 0.05 and 0.5 mm/a.” This suggests that this method can only capture this one order of magnitude. Is that the case? I think you are actually talking about the three sites you target here. Worth clarifying.
l. 50 mm/yr not mm/a, distance per time, not per age.
l. 50 “reverse” do you mean inverse?
l. 55 The sentence suggests that it is expected that there’s a hillslope above the cliff but that it will be ignored.
l. 56 ongoing erosion?
l. 66 coasts don't have a summit, or do they? I think it's clearer to directly mention the object you target, which is the top of the coastal cliff.
l. 70-71 the escarpment surface is regolith? or the top surface in which the cliff is cut?
l. 93 small note: subscripts that are not variables themselves are usually not italicized.
l. 134-135 Is it just an educated guess (fine by me), or is there a method behind this estimate?
l. 148-149: So, when did the platform emerge? when did waves stop reaching the base of the cliff?
l. 229: “when the sea level was largely below the current one, implying that the sea and waves” can be replaced by “when the sea level was lower and the waves”
Figure 1 caption: “rather progressive” what does that mean?
Figure 2 caption: “vertical equidistance” I don't know what vertical equidistance is. I guess it means contour line spacing. In the case I'm not the only person unfamiliar with the term, I'd suggest "contour lines are traced every 20 m." Feel free to ignore.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020-RC1 - AC2: 'Reply on RC1', Sebastien Carretier, 18 Jul 2024
-
CC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Klaus Wilcken, 22 May 2024
Publisher’s note: this comment is a copy of RC2 and its content was therefore removed.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020-CC1 -
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Klaus Wilcken, 23 May 2024
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2024/egusphere-2023-3020/egusphere-2023-3020-RC2-supplement.pdf
- AC1: 'Reply on RC2', Sebastien Carretier, 18 Jul 2024
-
EC1: 'Editor comment on egusphere-2023-3020', Veerle Vanacker, 23 May 2024
Dear authors and reviewers,
Two referees have carefully read the manuscript, and I sincerely thank them for providing insightful reviews. The referees appreciated the development of a novel cosmogenic nuclide-based approach for quantifying coastal erosion of cliff coasts, and provided clear guidelines for the revisions.
The detailed suggestions by RC1 and RC2 can help to clarify key concepts, ideas and terminology, RC2 also asked for a careful revision of the data tables, and asked to include more information on blank correction and error propagation. These methodological issues can be addressed during the revisions, and the detailed information can be summarised in a short technical note in the supplementary information. RC2 also mentioned a few points that can be further developed to strengthen the discussion.
I encourage the authors to revise their manuscript, and to upload a revised manuscript and detailed response letter.
Warm regards,
Veerle Vanacker, Associate Editor
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3020-EC1 - AC3: 'Reply on EC1', Sebastien Carretier, 18 Jul 2024
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Rémi Bossis
Sébastien Carretier
Sandrine Choy
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(5455 KB) - Metadata XML
-
Supplement
(51180 KB) - BibTeX
- EndNote
- Final revised paper