Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-449
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-449
28 Mar 2023
 | 28 Mar 2023
Status: this preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).

Water isotopic characterisation of the cloud-circulation coupling in the North Atlantic trades. Part 1: A process-oriented evaluation of COSMOiso simulations with EUREC4A observations

Leonie Villiger, Marina Dütsch, Sandrine Bony, Marie Lothon, Stephan Pfahl, Heini Wernli, Pierre-Etienne Brilouet, Patrick Chazette, Pierre Coutris, Julien Delanoë, Cyrille Flamant, Alfons Schwarzenboeck, Martin Werner, and Franziska Aemisegger

Abstract. Stable water isotope observations have the potential to provide information on cloud processes in the trade-wind region, in particular when combined with high-resolution model simulations. In order to evaluate this potential, nested convection-resolving COSMOiso simulations with horizontal grid spacings of 10, 5, and 1 km were carried out in this study over the tropical Atlantic for the time period of the EUREC4A field experiment. To keep the conditions in the domain as close as possible to the real meteorology, we applied a spectral nudging of horizontal winds towards reanalysis data. The comparison to airborne in situ and remote sensing observations shows that the three simulations are able to distinguish between different mesoscale cloud organisation patterns as well as between periods with comparably high and low rain rates. Precipitation, cloud fraction and liquid water content are sensitive to the grid spacing. Cloud fraction and liquid water content show a better agreement with aircraft observations with higher spatial resolution. Contrastingly, temperature, humidity, and isotopes in vapour remain fairly unaffected by the model resolution. A low-level cold-dry bias, including too depleted vapour in the subcloud and cloud layer and too enriched vapour in the free troposphere, is found in all three simulations. Furthermore, the simulated secondary isotope variable d-excess in vapour is overestimated compared to observations. Special attention is given to the cloud base level, the formation altitude of shallow cumulus clouds, which are rooted in the thermals of the subcloud layer. The temporal variability of the simulated isotope variables at cloud base agrees reasonably well with observations, with correlations of the flight-to-flight data as high as 0.69 for δ2H and 0.74 for d-excess. A close examination of different mesoscale cloud base features, including clouds and clear-sky dry-warm patches, and their isotopic characteristics shows that i) these features are represented faithfully in the model with similar frequency of occurrence, isotope signals and specific humidity anomalies as found in the observations (+2 ‰ to +5 ‰ [+2 g kg−1] for precipitating clouds vs. −3 ‰ to −4 ‰ [−2 g kg−1] in dry-warm patches for δ2H [q]) and ii) the δ2H of cloud base vapour at the hourly time scale is mainly controlled by mesoscale transport and not by local microphysical processes while the d-excess is mainly controlled by large-scale drivers. Overall, this evaluation of COSMOiso, including the isotopic characterisation of cloud base features, suggests that the simulations can be used for investigating the role of atmospheric circulations on different scales for controlling the formation of shallow cumulus clouds in the trade-wind region, as will be done in part 2 of this study. Additionally, we provide explicit recommendations for adaptations of the modelling setup to be tested in future research.

Leonie Villiger et al.

Status: open (extended)

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse

Leonie Villiger et al.

Leonie Villiger et al.

Viewed

Total article views: 256 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML PDF XML Total Supplement BibTeX EndNote
182 65 9 256 19 4 4
  • HTML: 182
  • PDF: 65
  • XML: 9
  • Total: 256
  • Supplement: 19
  • BibTeX: 4
  • EndNote: 4
Views and downloads (calculated since 28 Mar 2023)
Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 28 Mar 2023)

Viewed (geographical distribution)

Total article views: 215 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 215 with geography defined and 0 with unknown origin.
Country # Views %
  • 1
1
 
 
 
 
Latest update: 06 Jun 2023
Download
Short summary
This study evaluates three numerical simulations performed with an isotope-enabled weather forecast model and investigates the coupling between shallow trade-wind cumulus clouds and atmospheric circulations on different scales. We show that the simulations reproduce key characteristics of shallow trade-wind clouds as observed during the field experiment EUREC4A and that the spatial distribution of stable water vapour isotopes is shaped by the overturning circulation associated with these clouds.