New Insights From The J&uuml;lich Ozone-Sonde Intercomparison Experiments: Calibration Functions Traceable To One Ozone Reference Instrument

Smit, Herman G.J.; Poyraz, Deniz; Van Malderen, Roeland; Thompson, Anne M.; Tarasick, David W.; Stauffer, Ryan M.; Johnson, Bryan J.; Kollonige, Debra E.

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466

Preprints

https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466

Preprints

14 Jul 2023

| 14 Jul 2023

New Insights From The Jülich Ozone-Sonde Intercomparison Experiments: Calibration Functions Traceable To One Ozone Reference Instrument

Herman G.J. Smit, Deniz Poyraz, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, David W. Tarasick, Ryan M. Stauffer, Bryan J. Johnson, and Debra E. Kollonige

Abstract. Although in principle the ECC (Electrochemical Concentration Cell) ozonesonde is an absolute measuring device, in practice it has several “artefacts” which change over the course of a flight. Most of the artefacts have been corrected in the recommendations of the Assessment of Standard Operating Procedures for Ozone Sondes Report (GAW Report No. 268), giving an overall uncertainty of 5–10 % throughout the profile. However, the conversion of sampled ozone into the measured cell current has not been fully quantified, resulting in time-varying background current and pump efficiencies. We describe an updated methodology for ECC sonde data processing that is based on JOSIE 2009/2010 and JOSIE 2017-SHADOZ test chamber data. The stoichiometry (O₃/I₂) factors and their uncertainties along with the fast and the slow reaction pathways for the different sensing solution types used in the global ozonesonde network are determined. Experimental evidence is given for treating the background current of the ECC-sensor as the superposition of a constant ozone independent component (I_B0, measured before ozone exposure in the sonde preparation protocol) and a slow time-variant ozone-dependent current determined from the initial measured ozone current using a first-order numerical convolution. The fast sensor current is refined using the time response determined in sonde preparation with a first order deconvolution scheme. Practical procedures for initializing the numerical deconvolution and convolution schemes to determine the slow and fast ECC currents are given. Calibration functions for specific ozonesondes and sensing solution type combinations were determined by comparing JOSIE 2009/2010 and JOSIE-2017-SHADOZ profiles with the JOSIE ozone reference UV-photometer (OPM). With fast and slow currents resolved and the new calibration functions, a full uncertainty budget is obtained. The time responses correction methodology makes every ozonesonde record traceable to one standard, i.e. the OPM of JOSIE, enabling the goal of a 5 % relative uncertainty to be met throughout the global ozone network.

Received: 30 Jun 2023 – Discussion started: 14 Jul 2023

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09 Jan 2024

New insights from the Jülich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment: calibration functions traceable to one ozone reference instrument

Herman G. J. Smit, Deniz Poyraz, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, David W. Tarasick, Ryan M. Stauffer, Bryan J. Johnson, and Debra E. Kollonige

Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 73–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-73-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-73-2024, 2024

Short summary

Herman G.J. Smit, Deniz Poyraz, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, David W. Tarasick, Ryan M. Stauffer, Bryan J. Johnson, and Debra E. Kollonige

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

RC1:
'Important paper on improved processing for ECC ozone sondes', Anonymous Referee #1, 30 Jul 2023

Overall remarks
This is a very comprehensive, long manuscript summarizing the experiences from decades of working with ozonesondes. The authors provide a complete recipe for a better processing of ECC ozone sonde data. While not completely new, the suggested better processing now gives a reference framework for the global network of ECC ozone soundings. It also ties the sondes to the reference ozone UV photometer at the Jülich World Calibration Center.
While a bit longish in places, I find the paper quite readable. The topic certainly deserves publication and the mansucript is basically ready for publication. I only have a number of minor suggestions.
I am, however, no expert in the complex chemistry of the ECC sonde ozone measurement. Therefore it would be good to also have an opinion from someone expert in the chemistry of buffered KI solutions.
Suggestions for improvements and clarifications
Line 22: "cell current has not been fully quantified, resulting in time-varying background current and pump efficiencies" suggest to change to "cell current still needs to be quantified better, using time-varying background current and more appropriate pump efficiencies"
Line 24: "with the fast and the slow reactions pathways" implies that these pathways are well known / accepted. I suggest to drop both the's: "with fast and slow reactions pathways", which is much definitive and, to me, more appropriate
Line 124: change "original and homogenized data showed that significant systematic errors were eliminated" to "original and homogenized data allowed elimination of significant systematic errors"
Line 262: It would be better to say "which combine decreasing pump efficiency, increasing conversion efficiency, and typcial memory effects in the background current"
Line 280: Add "ozone" before "current"
Line 285: replace "consequently" by "at the same time".
Line 287: replace "show" by "have shown"
Line 295: replace "such" by "and"?
Line 318: replace "with the" by "to"
Line 321: add ", as observed by Johnson (2002)" after "larger than 1.0"
Figure 1b: In its current form, this Figure does not provide convincing evidence for a 25 minute decay time. The dashed red line for a 25 minute decay drops much faster than the plotted percentile lines. I think it would be much better to either subtract appropriate IB0s from the percentile lines, or to add an appropriate IB0 to the dashed 25 minute decay line.
Line 491 and many other places in the manuscript: It would be better to call the Komhyr "pump" corrections not "pump" corrections but something like "effective efficiency corrections", throughout the manuscript. One of the major points of the manuscript is, after all, that the Komhyr correction lump a number of things into an overall correction (which is not so far from the results of the new TRC method).
Line 507: replace "vanishing" by "very small" or "negligible"
Line 509: replace "provides the measure of the true value" by "provide the true value"
Line 512, 705 and many other places in the manuscript: add "true" to "pump efficiency" when the measured efficiencies from Nakano and Morofuji (2023) or Johnson (2002) are meant, as opposed to the "lumped" or "effective" (not-pump-only) efficiencies from Komhyr (1986 and 1995).
Line 547: "independent of the KI concentration". Why? Seems to be that it could also be dependent on KI concentration, which is also halved. And for SST0.1, with 1%KI, the proportionality with buffer concentration does not hold either, and the measured values are somewhere between the values for the 1% and 0.5% KI concentration solutions. I think there is still a lot unclear here, Saltzman and Gilbert (1959) does not provide the complete answer. I suggest that the authors reword this paragraph (and similar text in other places). Here, for example, replace "independent of the KI concentration ... has been explained" by "which might be explained".
Line 612,613: delete ", for example in the JOSIE simulation chamber". Seems redundandent.
Line 655: change "may decay be due" to "may be due"
Line 705: Better to say "In contrast" instead of "As opposed"
Line 714: delete "here presented"
Line 773/774: I find this description poor. Suggest to change it to "For both SPC and EN-SCI, SST0.1 sonde values are slight lower than OPM values in the stratosphere, and up to 10% lower than sonde values for the SOP recommended solutions (SPC/SST1.0 and EN-SCI/SST0.5).
Line 808, Section 4.3: I found this confusing here. This section 4.3 and Table seems to belong much more to Section 5 Conversion efficiency, or to Section 5.1 I strongly suggest to move the text of section 4.3 and Table 3 to these more appropriate places.
Table 4 and surrounding text: Of course these numbers and the conversion efficiency correction assume that the Nakano and Morofuji (2023) pump efficiency correction is perfectly correct. I think that needs to be stated.
Section 6.1: I think the conversion efficiency correction from Table 4 is missing in this discussion and in Fig. 10. Should that not be added here?
Figure 10: I suggest to add one or two curves for the effective efficiencies from Komhyr (1986 and/or 1995), maybe as a thick curve or a shaded region in the background. (For the tropics, this may also require an "old" constant background subtraction.) At least discuss in the text, how the new effective overall corrections compare to the old Komhyr (1986 and 1995) corrections.
Table 5: for some uncertainty sources I see values in column 2, for others I don't see values. I think it would be good to have an additional column that gives explicit values (or ranges) for each source of uncertainty.
Figure 11: For the two panels on the right, it would be much better and much clearer to have a log-scale for the uncertainty. With the current linear scale it is very difficult to see values for most of the smaller uncertainties.
Line 1051/1052: I suggest to just say "stays well below 5%". You may have all kinds of targets, in the end the question is what can be achieved with current ECC sondes (or any other instrument).
Lines 1126 to 1132: Would be good to give some numbers for the slow current here. Something like "The slow current typically amounts to xx% to yy% of the true ozone current, but can reach 10% in regions with very low ozone."
Line 1135: replace "thereby" by "for this procedure"
Line 1136: replace "is smoothed" by "has to be smoothed". I also suggest to change "the high frequency noise into IFDS." to just "high frequency noise".
Line 1152: need to add "background due to" before "conversion"? Also: I forgot what MAD is. Please spell out.
Line 1158: replace "would be" by "might be". Also: Consider my comment for line 547.
Line 1177 to line 1184: I am confused here, especially by the statement "in contrast to the conventional methodology the relative differences obtained with TRC are almost independent of the past ozone exposure". Were not the memory effects in the background one of the key aspects of the TRC method. OK now, on third reading, I get it: You are talking about differences to the OPM. So this entire paragraph seems confusing. Would it not be better to reword, and to say that JOSIE data have used to determine the free parameters of the TRC method, and now you get TRC ozone sonde data consistent with OPM values throughout all JOSIE campaigns. (With the minor exceptions mentioned in the next paragraph).
Line 1187: replace "can be" by "is". That is waht you are doing.
Line 1189: replace "which has been observed by the" with "confirmed by"
Line 1192/93: replace "of the correctional term of the conversion efficiency when deviating from one." by "for conversion efficiency (which is not quite equal to one)".
Line 1195: replace "will allow us" by "makes"
Line 1200: delete "the use of"
Line 1203: delete "despite .... TRC". Not needed.
Line 1207: delete "thereby", replace "resolving" by "removing"
Line 1210/1211: "Improper filters", in this context this could also mean numerical filters. I would suggest to say: "Imperfect or defective zero ozone air filters"
Line 1217: replace "as prominent" by "as large". I don't think it is prominent, since it still a fairly small background in most cases.
Line 1218: after "thought" add "(Voemel, 2020)"

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-RC1
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Herman G.J. Smit, 16 Sep 2023
  
  We thank referee#1 for her/his complete and thoughtful review of our manuscript and providing thoughtful comments and suggestions that have helped us improve this manuscript. We also thank Editor Birgit Hassler for handling our paper and coordinating the reviews. Our responses to reviewer comments are provided in a separated pdf attached as supplement to this Reply on RC1.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-AC1
RC2:
'Comment on egusphere-2023-1466', Anonymous Referee #2, 06 Aug 2023

Review of Smit et al., New Insights From The Jülich Ozone-Sonde Intercomparison Experiments: Calibration Functions Traceable To One Ozone Reference Instrument
General comments
The submitted manuscript reports, with great care and thoroughness, recent results that address two very long-standing issues in the ozonesonde community, namely the existence of a slow reaction component as well as a constant component to the traditional concept of background current, and also the separation of the traditional "pump correction factors" into a true pump efficiency and a second calibration function for different combinations of sondes and solutions.
While neither of these concepts are new the authors have performed an important job by their careful testing and now, with this manuscript, documentation, and I don't hesitate to recommend acceptance by AMT with only very minor revisions.
It is also very pleasing to see additional value being extracted from pervious JOSIE studies and I suspect there is yet more value still to be gained from analysis of the many experiments conducted at the WCCOS over the years.
The analysis has been very carefully performed and I could not find any examples of errors or statements that seemed illogical.
The manuscript is very long and at time, quite repetitive. Personally, I would have preferred a shorter study with a tighter focus, but I accept that there also some advantages to the very thorough approach taken by the authors here.
I think it is to the authors' credit that the results on the fast and slow responses are carefully compared with those of Voemel et al. 2020 and the differences clearly noted and discussed. This is very good scientific practice. (I see that "stimulating discussions" are noted in the acknowledgements).
Perhaps surprisingly, the manuscript also contains numerous mentions of effects that cannot yet be properly accounted for, or where only speculative causes can be postulated, eg lines 230, 235-236,551-559, 611-614, 656, 870-872, 894-895, 1157-1160, 1196-1198, 1220-1223, 1246-1248. It is good that the authors are candid about the lack of understanding of these topics but I hope that further work will help improve the situation.
I assume, however, that these remaining unknown effects can all be accounted for empirically by comparison to the photometer, even if the mechanism is not understood?
I have two very general questions I would like to pose to the authors.
Firstly, it seems to me that the authors consider the pump efficiencies as a function of pressure determined by Nakano and Morofuji 2023 to be, essentially, "correct". I would have thought that these values might well have varied considerably over the very many years that ECC sondes have been manufactured and flown – could the authors please comment on that point?
Secondly, do you expect the results also to hold in the light of fluctuations in the manufacturing process of the ozonesondes, eg the "drop-off" reported by Stauffer et al. which affected ENSCI sondes and recent anecdotal reports in the community of poor production quality of SPC ozonesondes?
Apart from these two questions, I only have very minor comments to make.

Specific comments
Lines 17-35 The abstract is almost all about the fast and slow responses, and it is not until line 31 that the new calibration functions are mentioned, even though they are also a very important result from this work. I suggest that the abstract be slightly re-worded so that the two main results appear earlier and more prominently.
Line 47 Missing closing bracket
Line 52 I would prefer some references to the original literature here (Haagen Smit etc) rather than just a textbook. For the stratospheric ozone discussion which follows, many original references have been cited which I think is better.
Line 75 I would prefer a word such as "approximately" to the use of the tilde symbol here in the text.
Line 76 Would it be possible to include a map of the sixty stations? This would help the reader to understand that the work is relevant to a true global network. I appreciate it can be difficult to determine whether a station is "currently active".
Line 77 Insert "the" before "stratosphere"
Line 132 Please re-word "giving artefact low readings". Do you mean "artificially low" or "unreliably low" or something like that?
Line 175 Insert "the" before "redox"
Line 189 Replace "convert" with "is converted to"
Line 209 I would prefer a sentence here explaining to the reader how this result was obtained without having to go back to the cited studies – ie how is it known that the absorption efficiency is 1.0 within 1% for all ECC ozonesondes?
Lines 302-308 I found this a very helpful paragraph!
Lines 351-355 Figure 1 is a little bit confusing, because in part (a) the fast response is clearly extrapolated from the first three points, but in part (b) it's not obvious how the solid red line has been obtained and the reader might be given the impression that there is also a third, even slower response.
Line 435 Please re-word "approximately exponentially to a change in U"
Line 443 You say, in effect, that the method assumes that the time-step is small compared to the rate of change of ozone in the atmosphere, but you don't say whether this is a good assumption.
Line 609 Please re-word "for 50% contributing"
Line 655 Please re-word "may display be due to processes"
Line 656 "min" -> minutes
Line 803 I would prefer "factor of 2" and "factor of 3"
Line 805 Remove "been" – and I think replace with "significantly" or "non-negligibly"
Line 962 I would prefer "factor of 2"
Line 1048 Please reword – perhaps "In addition, the total uncertainty of the conventional method is also shown (dashed red lines)."
Line 1053 Please re-word "remote air conditions". (Or delete it altogether, I don't think you need to say it at all, and the sentence is too long.)
Line 1056 Please re-word "strongly restricted to its detection limit" – what does that really mean?
Lines 1060-1065 It's very good that you have shown how the procedure influences the results in these three different situations.
Line 1135 Please re-word "Essential thereby is .. "
Line 1136 I am not sure that you have smoothed it enough?
Line 1165 Delete the two "is"
Line 1188 "resp" should be "respective"

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-RC2
- AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Herman G.J. Smit, 16 Sep 2023
  
  We thank referee#2 for her/his complete and thoughtful review of our manuscript and providing thoughtful comments and suggestions that have helped us improve this manuscript. We also thank Editor Birgit Hassler for handling our paper and coordinating the reviews. Our responses to reviewer comments are provided in a separated pdf as supplement to this Reply on RC2.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-AC2

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

RC1:
'Important paper on improved processing for ECC ozone sondes', Anonymous Referee #1, 30 Jul 2023

Overall remarks
This is a very comprehensive, long manuscript summarizing the experiences from decades of working with ozonesondes. The authors provide a complete recipe for a better processing of ECC ozone sonde data. While not completely new, the suggested better processing now gives a reference framework for the global network of ECC ozone soundings. It also ties the sondes to the reference ozone UV photometer at the Jülich World Calibration Center.
While a bit longish in places, I find the paper quite readable. The topic certainly deserves publication and the mansucript is basically ready for publication. I only have a number of minor suggestions.
I am, however, no expert in the complex chemistry of the ECC sonde ozone measurement. Therefore it would be good to also have an opinion from someone expert in the chemistry of buffered KI solutions.
Suggestions for improvements and clarifications
Line 22: "cell current has not been fully quantified, resulting in time-varying background current and pump efficiencies" suggest to change to "cell current still needs to be quantified better, using time-varying background current and more appropriate pump efficiencies"
Line 24: "with the fast and the slow reactions pathways" implies that these pathways are well known / accepted. I suggest to drop both the's: "with fast and slow reactions pathways", which is much definitive and, to me, more appropriate
Line 124: change "original and homogenized data showed that significant systematic errors were eliminated" to "original and homogenized data allowed elimination of significant systematic errors"
Line 262: It would be better to say "which combine decreasing pump efficiency, increasing conversion efficiency, and typcial memory effects in the background current"
Line 280: Add "ozone" before "current"
Line 285: replace "consequently" by "at the same time".
Line 287: replace "show" by "have shown"
Line 295: replace "such" by "and"?
Line 318: replace "with the" by "to"
Line 321: add ", as observed by Johnson (2002)" after "larger than 1.0"
Figure 1b: In its current form, this Figure does not provide convincing evidence for a 25 minute decay time. The dashed red line for a 25 minute decay drops much faster than the plotted percentile lines. I think it would be much better to either subtract appropriate IB0s from the percentile lines, or to add an appropriate IB0 to the dashed 25 minute decay line.
Line 491 and many other places in the manuscript: It would be better to call the Komhyr "pump" corrections not "pump" corrections but something like "effective efficiency corrections", throughout the manuscript. One of the major points of the manuscript is, after all, that the Komhyr correction lump a number of things into an overall correction (which is not so far from the results of the new TRC method).
Line 507: replace "vanishing" by "very small" or "negligible"
Line 509: replace "provides the measure of the true value" by "provide the true value"
Line 512, 705 and many other places in the manuscript: add "true" to "pump efficiency" when the measured efficiencies from Nakano and Morofuji (2023) or Johnson (2002) are meant, as opposed to the "lumped" or "effective" (not-pump-only) efficiencies from Komhyr (1986 and 1995).
Line 547: "independent of the KI concentration". Why? Seems to be that it could also be dependent on KI concentration, which is also halved. And for SST0.1, with 1%KI, the proportionality with buffer concentration does not hold either, and the measured values are somewhere between the values for the 1% and 0.5% KI concentration solutions. I think there is still a lot unclear here, Saltzman and Gilbert (1959) does not provide the complete answer. I suggest that the authors reword this paragraph (and similar text in other places). Here, for example, replace "independent of the KI concentration ... has been explained" by "which might be explained".
Line 612,613: delete ", for example in the JOSIE simulation chamber". Seems redundandent.
Line 655: change "may decay be due" to "may be due"
Line 705: Better to say "In contrast" instead of "As opposed"
Line 714: delete "here presented"
Line 773/774: I find this description poor. Suggest to change it to "For both SPC and EN-SCI, SST0.1 sonde values are slight lower than OPM values in the stratosphere, and up to 10% lower than sonde values for the SOP recommended solutions (SPC/SST1.0 and EN-SCI/SST0.5).
Line 808, Section 4.3: I found this confusing here. This section 4.3 and Table seems to belong much more to Section 5 Conversion efficiency, or to Section 5.1 I strongly suggest to move the text of section 4.3 and Table 3 to these more appropriate places.
Table 4 and surrounding text: Of course these numbers and the conversion efficiency correction assume that the Nakano and Morofuji (2023) pump efficiency correction is perfectly correct. I think that needs to be stated.
Section 6.1: I think the conversion efficiency correction from Table 4 is missing in this discussion and in Fig. 10. Should that not be added here?
Figure 10: I suggest to add one or two curves for the effective efficiencies from Komhyr (1986 and/or 1995), maybe as a thick curve or a shaded region in the background. (For the tropics, this may also require an "old" constant background subtraction.) At least discuss in the text, how the new effective overall corrections compare to the old Komhyr (1986 and 1995) corrections.
Table 5: for some uncertainty sources I see values in column 2, for others I don't see values. I think it would be good to have an additional column that gives explicit values (or ranges) for each source of uncertainty.
Figure 11: For the two panels on the right, it would be much better and much clearer to have a log-scale for the uncertainty. With the current linear scale it is very difficult to see values for most of the smaller uncertainties.
Line 1051/1052: I suggest to just say "stays well below 5%". You may have all kinds of targets, in the end the question is what can be achieved with current ECC sondes (or any other instrument).
Lines 1126 to 1132: Would be good to give some numbers for the slow current here. Something like "The slow current typically amounts to xx% to yy% of the true ozone current, but can reach 10% in regions with very low ozone."
Line 1135: replace "thereby" by "for this procedure"
Line 1136: replace "is smoothed" by "has to be smoothed". I also suggest to change "the high frequency noise into IFDS." to just "high frequency noise".
Line 1152: need to add "background due to" before "conversion"? Also: I forgot what MAD is. Please spell out.
Line 1158: replace "would be" by "might be". Also: Consider my comment for line 547.
Line 1177 to line 1184: I am confused here, especially by the statement "in contrast to the conventional methodology the relative differences obtained with TRC are almost independent of the past ozone exposure". Were not the memory effects in the background one of the key aspects of the TRC method. OK now, on third reading, I get it: You are talking about differences to the OPM. So this entire paragraph seems confusing. Would it not be better to reword, and to say that JOSIE data have used to determine the free parameters of the TRC method, and now you get TRC ozone sonde data consistent with OPM values throughout all JOSIE campaigns. (With the minor exceptions mentioned in the next paragraph).
Line 1187: replace "can be" by "is". That is waht you are doing.
Line 1189: replace "which has been observed by the" with "confirmed by"
Line 1192/93: replace "of the correctional term of the conversion efficiency when deviating from one." by "for conversion efficiency (which is not quite equal to one)".
Line 1195: replace "will allow us" by "makes"
Line 1200: delete "the use of"
Line 1203: delete "despite .... TRC". Not needed.
Line 1207: delete "thereby", replace "resolving" by "removing"
Line 1210/1211: "Improper filters", in this context this could also mean numerical filters. I would suggest to say: "Imperfect or defective zero ozone air filters"
Line 1217: replace "as prominent" by "as large". I don't think it is prominent, since it still a fairly small background in most cases.
Line 1218: after "thought" add "(Voemel, 2020)"

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-RC1
- AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Herman G.J. Smit, 16 Sep 2023
  
  We thank referee#1 for her/his complete and thoughtful review of our manuscript and providing thoughtful comments and suggestions that have helped us improve this manuscript. We also thank Editor Birgit Hassler for handling our paper and coordinating the reviews. Our responses to reviewer comments are provided in a separated pdf attached as supplement to this Reply on RC1.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-AC1
RC2:
'Comment on egusphere-2023-1466', Anonymous Referee #2, 06 Aug 2023

Review of Smit et al., New Insights From The Jülich Ozone-Sonde Intercomparison Experiments: Calibration Functions Traceable To One Ozone Reference Instrument
General comments
The submitted manuscript reports, with great care and thoroughness, recent results that address two very long-standing issues in the ozonesonde community, namely the existence of a slow reaction component as well as a constant component to the traditional concept of background current, and also the separation of the traditional "pump correction factors" into a true pump efficiency and a second calibration function for different combinations of sondes and solutions.
While neither of these concepts are new the authors have performed an important job by their careful testing and now, with this manuscript, documentation, and I don't hesitate to recommend acceptance by AMT with only very minor revisions.
It is also very pleasing to see additional value being extracted from pervious JOSIE studies and I suspect there is yet more value still to be gained from analysis of the many experiments conducted at the WCCOS over the years.
The analysis has been very carefully performed and I could not find any examples of errors or statements that seemed illogical.
The manuscript is very long and at time, quite repetitive. Personally, I would have preferred a shorter study with a tighter focus, but I accept that there also some advantages to the very thorough approach taken by the authors here.
I think it is to the authors' credit that the results on the fast and slow responses are carefully compared with those of Voemel et al. 2020 and the differences clearly noted and discussed. This is very good scientific practice. (I see that "stimulating discussions" are noted in the acknowledgements).
Perhaps surprisingly, the manuscript also contains numerous mentions of effects that cannot yet be properly accounted for, or where only speculative causes can be postulated, eg lines 230, 235-236,551-559, 611-614, 656, 870-872, 894-895, 1157-1160, 1196-1198, 1220-1223, 1246-1248. It is good that the authors are candid about the lack of understanding of these topics but I hope that further work will help improve the situation.
I assume, however, that these remaining unknown effects can all be accounted for empirically by comparison to the photometer, even if the mechanism is not understood?
I have two very general questions I would like to pose to the authors.
Firstly, it seems to me that the authors consider the pump efficiencies as a function of pressure determined by Nakano and Morofuji 2023 to be, essentially, "correct". I would have thought that these values might well have varied considerably over the very many years that ECC sondes have been manufactured and flown – could the authors please comment on that point?
Secondly, do you expect the results also to hold in the light of fluctuations in the manufacturing process of the ozonesondes, eg the "drop-off" reported by Stauffer et al. which affected ENSCI sondes and recent anecdotal reports in the community of poor production quality of SPC ozonesondes?
Apart from these two questions, I only have very minor comments to make.

Specific comments
Lines 17-35 The abstract is almost all about the fast and slow responses, and it is not until line 31 that the new calibration functions are mentioned, even though they are also a very important result from this work. I suggest that the abstract be slightly re-worded so that the two main results appear earlier and more prominently.
Line 47 Missing closing bracket
Line 52 I would prefer some references to the original literature here (Haagen Smit etc) rather than just a textbook. For the stratospheric ozone discussion which follows, many original references have been cited which I think is better.
Line 75 I would prefer a word such as "approximately" to the use of the tilde symbol here in the text.
Line 76 Would it be possible to include a map of the sixty stations? This would help the reader to understand that the work is relevant to a true global network. I appreciate it can be difficult to determine whether a station is "currently active".
Line 77 Insert "the" before "stratosphere"
Line 132 Please re-word "giving artefact low readings". Do you mean "artificially low" or "unreliably low" or something like that?
Line 175 Insert "the" before "redox"
Line 189 Replace "convert" with "is converted to"
Line 209 I would prefer a sentence here explaining to the reader how this result was obtained without having to go back to the cited studies – ie how is it known that the absorption efficiency is 1.0 within 1% for all ECC ozonesondes?
Lines 302-308 I found this a very helpful paragraph!
Lines 351-355 Figure 1 is a little bit confusing, because in part (a) the fast response is clearly extrapolated from the first three points, but in part (b) it's not obvious how the solid red line has been obtained and the reader might be given the impression that there is also a third, even slower response.
Line 435 Please re-word "approximately exponentially to a change in U"
Line 443 You say, in effect, that the method assumes that the time-step is small compared to the rate of change of ozone in the atmosphere, but you don't say whether this is a good assumption.
Line 609 Please re-word "for 50% contributing"
Line 655 Please re-word "may display be due to processes"
Line 656 "min" -> minutes
Line 803 I would prefer "factor of 2" and "factor of 3"
Line 805 Remove "been" – and I think replace with "significantly" or "non-negligibly"
Line 962 I would prefer "factor of 2"
Line 1048 Please reword – perhaps "In addition, the total uncertainty of the conventional method is also shown (dashed red lines)."
Line 1053 Please re-word "remote air conditions". (Or delete it altogether, I don't think you need to say it at all, and the sentence is too long.)
Line 1056 Please re-word "strongly restricted to its detection limit" – what does that really mean?
Lines 1060-1065 It's very good that you have shown how the procedure influences the results in these three different situations.
Line 1135 Please re-word "Essential thereby is .. "
Line 1136 I am not sure that you have smoothed it enough?
Line 1165 Delete the two "is"
Line 1188 "resp" should be "respective"

Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-RC2
- AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Herman G.J. Smit, 16 Sep 2023
  
  We thank referee#2 for her/his complete and thoughtful review of our manuscript and providing thoughtful comments and suggestions that have helped us improve this manuscript. We also thank Editor Birgit Hassler for handling our paper and coordinating the reviews. Our responses to reviewer comments are provided in a separated pdf as supplement to this Reply on RC2.
  
  Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-AC2

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload

AR by Herman G.J. Smit on behalf of the Authors (26 Sep 2023) Author's response Author's tracked changes Manuscript

ED: Publish as is (13 Oct 2023) by Birgit Hassler

AR by Herman G.J. Smit on behalf of the Authors (29 Oct 2023) Manuscript

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

09 Jan 2024

New insights from the Jülich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment: calibration functions traceable to one ozone reference instrument

Herman G. J. Smit, Deniz Poyraz, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, David W. Tarasick, Ryan M. Stauffer, Bryan J. Johnson, and Debra E. Kollonige

Atmos. Meas. Tech., 17, 73–112, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-73-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-73-2024, 2024

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Herman G.J. Smit, Deniz Poyraz, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, David W. Tarasick, Ryan M. Stauffer, Bryan J. Johnson, and Debra E. Kollonige

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https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1466-supplement

Herman G.J. Smit, Deniz Poyraz, Roeland Van Malderen, Anne M. Thompson, David W. Tarasick, Ryan M. Stauffer, Bryan J. Johnson, and Debra E. Kollonige

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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.

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This paper revisits fundamentals of ECC ozonesonde measurements to develop and characterize a methodology to correct for the fast and slow time responses using the JOSIE (Jülich Ozone Sonde Intercomparison Experiment) simulation chamber data. Comparing the new corrected ozonesonde profiles to an accurate ozone UV-photometer (OPM) as reference, allows us to evaluate the time responses correction (TRC) method and to determine calibration functions traceable to one reference with 5 % uncertainty.


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