the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 10 Jul 2023
Lahar events in the last 2,000 years from Vesuvius eruptions. Part 2: Formulation and validation of a computational model based on a shallow layer approach
Abstract. In this paper we present a new model for the simulation of lahars, based on the depth-averaged code IMEX-SfloW2D with new governing and constitutive equations introduced to better describe the dynamics of lahars. A thorough sensitivity analysis is carried out to identify the critical processes (such as erosion and deposition) and parameters (both numerical and physical) controlling lahar runout, using both synthetic and real cases topographies. In particular, an application of the model to a syn-eruptive lahar from a reference-size eruption from Somma-Vesuvius, affecting the Campanian Plain (Southern Italy), described in Di Vito et al. (this issue), is used in this work for the sensitivity analysis. Effects of erosion and deposition are investigated by comparing simulations with and without these processes. By comparing flow thickness and area covered by the flow and their evolution with time, we show that the modelling of both the processes is important to properly simulate the effects of the bulking and debulking and the associated changes in rheology. From a computational point of view, the comparison of simulations obtained for different numerical grids (from 25 m to 100 m), scheme order, and grain size discretization were useful to find a good compromise between resolution and computational speed. The companion paper by Sandri et al. (this issue) shows an application of the presented model for probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment for lahars from Vesuvius deposits in the Neapolitan area.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
(10600 KB)
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(10600 KB) - Metadata XML
- BibTeX
- EndNote
- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1301', Anonymous Referee #1, 05 Sep 2023
Review Summary
In the present study, novel insights are presented that facilitate a comparative analysis of erosion and deposition processes. Historically, flow thickness has been employed as a determinant factor. It might be instructive—though not imperative—to scrutinize the influence on dynamic pressure, particularly if a notable alteration is discerned. The manuscript is methodically robust and coherently structured. Both the objectives and the conclusions drawn are lucid and of significant import.Technical corrections are available in the supplement file
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
Dear Referee,
We sincerely appreciate the time and effort you dedicated to reviewing our manuscript titled "Lahar events in the last 2,000 years from Vesuvius eruptions. Part 2: Formulation and validation of a computational model based on a shallow layer approach" submitted to Solid Earth. Your insightful feedback has been invaluable in enhancing the quality of our work.
We have carefully reviewed your comments and suggestions, and we are grateful for your thorough evaluation of our manuscript. To address your queries and concerns, as well as those raised by the other reviewer, we have prepared a comprehensive response document. This document includes detailed responses to the questions and suggestions posed by both reviewers, a list of the references added to the manuscript and a revised version of our manuscript highlighting all the changes.
We believe that this consolidated response will help provide a clearer picture of the modifications we have undertaken and how they have contributed to strengthening the manuscript. You can find this response document attached to this reply.
Thank you once again for your review. We look forward to the possibility of addressing any remaining concerns and, hopefully, proceeding towards the publication of our work.
Best regards,
Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, Antonio Costa, Mauro A. Di Vito, Laura Sandri, Domenico M. Doronzo
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1301', Gordon Woo, 03 Oct 2023
This is a notable advance in the computational modelling of lahars, and merits publication. With the improvements in modelling methodology, it would be interesting to explore the stochastic variability of significant historical lahars. The authors have written:
Although this simulation is not aimed at reproducing a particular event from the past, but at showing the model's ability to describe the different phenomena that may characterize a future lahar in the Avella Valley, it is interesting to note that these reaches are corroborated by some historical sources on the ''1631'' events, for which it is reported that the localities of Marigliano and Nola were reached by those lahars and by
geological evidences reported in Di Vito et al. (this issue).Using their enhanced modelling capability, it would be possible to consider alternative realisations of the 1631 events, inter alia, taking account of the substantial variability in the initial conditions and other model parameters. This counterfactual analysis would be very insightful and instructive for lahar risk analysis (Aspinall and Woo, 2019, Counterfactual analysis of runaway volcanic explosions, Front.Earth.Sci.).
Such counterfactual risk analysis may be deferred to another publication, but some discussion would be useful for this paper.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1301-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
Dear Gordon Woo,
We sincerely appreciate the time and effort you dedicated to reviewing our manuscript titled "Lahar events in the last 2,000 years from Vesuvius eruptions. Part 2: Formulation and validation of a computational model based on a shallow layer approach" submitted to Solid Earth. Your insightful feedback has been invaluable in enhancing the quality of our work.
We have carefully reviewed your comments and suggestions, and we are grateful for your thorough evaluation of our manuscript. To address your queries and concerns, as well as those raised by the other reviewer, we have prepared a comprehensive response document. This document includes detailed responses to the questions and suggestions posed by both reviewers, a list of the references added to the manuscript and a revised version of our manuscript highlighting all the changes.
We believe that this consolidated response will help provide a clearer picture of the modifications we have undertaken and how they have contributed to strengthening the manuscript. You can find this response document attached to this reply.
Thank you once again for your review. We look forward to the possibility of addressing any remaining concerns and, hopefully, proceeding towards the publication of our work.
Best regards,
Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, Antonio Costa, Mauro A. Di Vito, Laura Sandri, Domenico M. Doronzo
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1301', Anonymous Referee #1, 05 Sep 2023
Review Summary
In the present study, novel insights are presented that facilitate a comparative analysis of erosion and deposition processes. Historically, flow thickness has been employed as a determinant factor. It might be instructive—though not imperative—to scrutinize the influence on dynamic pressure, particularly if a notable alteration is discerned. The manuscript is methodically robust and coherently structured. Both the objectives and the conclusions drawn are lucid and of significant import.Technical corrections are available in the supplement file
-
AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
Dear Referee,
We sincerely appreciate the time and effort you dedicated to reviewing our manuscript titled "Lahar events in the last 2,000 years from Vesuvius eruptions. Part 2: Formulation and validation of a computational model based on a shallow layer approach" submitted to Solid Earth. Your insightful feedback has been invaluable in enhancing the quality of our work.
We have carefully reviewed your comments and suggestions, and we are grateful for your thorough evaluation of our manuscript. To address your queries and concerns, as well as those raised by the other reviewer, we have prepared a comprehensive response document. This document includes detailed responses to the questions and suggestions posed by both reviewers, a list of the references added to the manuscript and a revised version of our manuscript highlighting all the changes.
We believe that this consolidated response will help provide a clearer picture of the modifications we have undertaken and how they have contributed to strengthening the manuscript. You can find this response document attached to this reply.
Thank you once again for your review. We look forward to the possibility of addressing any remaining concerns and, hopefully, proceeding towards the publication of our work.
Best regards,
Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, Antonio Costa, Mauro A. Di Vito, Laura Sandri, Domenico M. Doronzo
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AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2023-1301', Gordon Woo, 03 Oct 2023
This is a notable advance in the computational modelling of lahars, and merits publication. With the improvements in modelling methodology, it would be interesting to explore the stochastic variability of significant historical lahars. The authors have written:
Although this simulation is not aimed at reproducing a particular event from the past, but at showing the model's ability to describe the different phenomena that may characterize a future lahar in the Avella Valley, it is interesting to note that these reaches are corroborated by some historical sources on the ''1631'' events, for which it is reported that the localities of Marigliano and Nola were reached by those lahars and by
geological evidences reported in Di Vito et al. (this issue).Using their enhanced modelling capability, it would be possible to consider alternative realisations of the 1631 events, inter alia, taking account of the substantial variability in the initial conditions and other model parameters. This counterfactual analysis would be very insightful and instructive for lahar risk analysis (Aspinall and Woo, 2019, Counterfactual analysis of runaway volcanic explosions, Front.Earth.Sci.).
Such counterfactual risk analysis may be deferred to another publication, but some discussion would be useful for this paper.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1301-RC2 -
AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
Dear Gordon Woo,
We sincerely appreciate the time and effort you dedicated to reviewing our manuscript titled "Lahar events in the last 2,000 years from Vesuvius eruptions. Part 2: Formulation and validation of a computational model based on a shallow layer approach" submitted to Solid Earth. Your insightful feedback has been invaluable in enhancing the quality of our work.
We have carefully reviewed your comments and suggestions, and we are grateful for your thorough evaluation of our manuscript. To address your queries and concerns, as well as those raised by the other reviewer, we have prepared a comprehensive response document. This document includes detailed responses to the questions and suggestions posed by both reviewers, a list of the references added to the manuscript and a revised version of our manuscript highlighting all the changes.
We believe that this consolidated response will help provide a clearer picture of the modifications we have undertaken and how they have contributed to strengthening the manuscript. You can find this response document attached to this reply.
Thank you once again for your review. We look forward to the possibility of addressing any remaining concerns and, hopefully, proceeding towards the publication of our work.
Best regards,
Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, Antonio Costa, Mauro A. Di Vito, Laura Sandri, Domenico M. Doronzo
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AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Mattia de’ Michieli Vitturi, 21 Nov 2023
Peer review completion
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Model code and software
IMEX-SfloW2D-v2 Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi https://zenodo.org/record/7769849
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Cited
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Lahar events in the last 2000 years from Vesuvius eruptions – Part 1: Distribution and impact on densely inhabited territory estimated from field data analysis M. Di Vito et al. 10.5194/se-15-405-2024
- The Kestrel software for simulations of morphodynamic Earth-surface flows J. Langham & M. Woodhouse 10.21105/joss.06079
- Lahar events in the last 2000 years from Vesuvius eruptions – Part 3: Hazard assessment over the Campanian Plain L. Sandri et al. 10.5194/se-15-459-2024
Mattia de' Michieli Vitturi
Antonio Costa
Mauro A. Di Vito
Laura Sandri
Domenico M. Doronzo
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(10600 KB) - Metadata XML