the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
| 20 Apr 2022
Reconstruction of Mediterranean coastal sea level at different timescales based on tide gauge records
Damià Gomis
Gabriel Jordà
Abstract. A coastal sea level reconstruction based on tide gauge observations is developed and applied to the western basin of the Mediterranean sea. The reconstructions are carried out in four frequency bands and are based on an optimal interpolation method in which the correlation between tide gauge data and all coastal points has been determined from the outputs of a numerical model. The reconstructions for frequencies lower than 1 month use monthly observations from the PSMSL database and cover the period from 1884 to 2019. For the reconstruction of higher frequencies, hourly observations from the GESLA–2 dataset are used, and cover from 1980 to 2015. Total sea level is retrieved with high accuracy from the merging of the different frequency bands. Results of a cross–validation test show that independent tide gauge series are highly correlated with the reconstructions. Moreover, they correlate significantly better with the reconstructions than with altimetry data in all frequency bands, and therefore the reconstruction represents a valuable contribution to the attempts of recovering coastal sea level. The obtained reconstructions allow the characterization of the coastal sea level variability, to estimate coastal sea level trends and to examine the correlation between Western Mediterranean coastal sea level and the main North Atlantic climate indices. The limitations and applicability of the method to other regions are also discussed.
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Notice on discussion status
The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
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Preprint
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
(1384 KB) - BibTeX
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- Final revised paper
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Jorge Ramos Alcántara et al.
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
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RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-169', Anonymous Referee #1, 12 Aug 2022
Review of “Reconstruction of Mediterranean coastal sea level at different time scales based on tide gauge records” by Alcantara et al., under discussion in Ocean Science.
In this manuscript the authors combine sea level observations from tide gauges and satellite altimetry with output of an ocean model in order to produce a costal sea level reconstruction with high spatial and temporal resolution along the western Mediterranean coast.
The paper reads very well, the methodology is clearly explained and the results quite relevant for a broad range of scientists and policymakers. In particular, the analysis of sea level variability over four different frequency bands is rather interesting and useful to understand the physical processes behind the observed changes.
I recommend the manuscript for publication in Ocean Science after a few minor issues have been addressed. My comments follow their chronological order and they are not sorted by relevance.
Line 44: “without some further data processing” is a quite vague statement that could be followed by a short explanation of what this data processing generally includes.
Line 75: please add a reference for the optimal interpolation method.
Table 1: it would be nice to show the location of all stations in a figure; alternatively, the authors could at least add a few labels to Figure 1, with the names of those stations that are explicitly discussed later in paper.
Line 98: please add a few more details about how datum shifts are correct for, the current sentence is quite concise.
Line 185: change “series” into time series or stations.
Line 189: how is it possible to use the frequency bands from the previous point when different stations are used? Are the frequency bands determined on the ensemble of stations, hence valid for the whole domain? This issue could be made more explicit.
Line 217: please add reference for equation 5.
Line 223: I understand the need to combine observations from different times, but it rests on the assumption that sea level variability is constant over time, which might not be the case. This issue warrants a more explicit discussion.
Line 272: since some stations are not reproduced very well by the reconstruction, it might be worth removing them from the final product. I wonder whether the authors have tried this. If not, they might want to discuss why they choose to keep all stations.
Line 305: please explain what do you mean by interpolation errors.
Line 332: This advantage of the reconstruction could be highlighted better in the abstract.
Line 345: most recent global reconstructions since Hay et al. (2015), especially those by Dangendorf and colleagues, actually estimate trends smaller than 1.5 mm/yr (more precisely, about 1.2 mm/yr until 1990 and about 1.6 mm/yr until the mid 2010s). The reference to Marcos and Tsimplis (2007a) is outdated.
Figure 12: I wonder whether the fact that the reconstruction is better correlated to tide gauges than satellite altimetry is not simply a direct consequence of the applied methodology. The author should be cautious in arguing that such a correlation is a proof that their construction is superior to satellite altimetry. I'm not saying that I disagree, but such a claim requires a more detailed discussion.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-169-RC1 - AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jorge Ramos Alcántara, 21 Sep 2022
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RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-169', Anonymous Referee #2, 19 Aug 2022
This study performed the reconstruction of coastal sea level variability of the Mediterranean Sea from tide-gauge datasets using an optimal interpolation method. The authors showed that the reconstruction provides better estimate of coastal sea level variability than the altimeter data. The topic of the study is important, and the method is well thought out. Hence, this manuscript is acceptable after revisions.
Major comment:
L327-328: As the authors mentioned, there are large differences of the sea level trends between the tide-gauge data and the reconstruction at Algeciras, Barcelona and Tarifa (Table 3). What is the reason of these differences? In addition, the trend of the tide-gauges is more heterogeneous than that of the reconstruction (Table 3). The optimal interpolation method for the reconstruction might not be suitable to capture small-scale coastal processes. Please discuss this point.
Minor comments:
Section 2.1: How do you remove the astronomical tide from the tide-gauge data?
L264: “interdecadal”?
L388-389: In this paragraph, the authors compared your result in summer with the result of the barotropic model by Martinez-Asensio et al. (2014). This comparison does not make sense. The authors should compare your result with the result of the tide-gauge data by Martinez-Asensio et al. (2014). The authors have to mention the difference of the results and advantages of your reconstruction.
Legend of Fig. 5: “serie” => “series"
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-169-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jorge Ramos Alcántara, 21 Sep 2022
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
-
RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-169', Anonymous Referee #1, 12 Aug 2022
Review of “Reconstruction of Mediterranean coastal sea level at different time scales based on tide gauge records” by Alcantara et al., under discussion in Ocean Science.
In this manuscript the authors combine sea level observations from tide gauges and satellite altimetry with output of an ocean model in order to produce a costal sea level reconstruction with high spatial and temporal resolution along the western Mediterranean coast.
The paper reads very well, the methodology is clearly explained and the results quite relevant for a broad range of scientists and policymakers. In particular, the analysis of sea level variability over four different frequency bands is rather interesting and useful to understand the physical processes behind the observed changes.
I recommend the manuscript for publication in Ocean Science after a few minor issues have been addressed. My comments follow their chronological order and they are not sorted by relevance.
Line 44: “without some further data processing” is a quite vague statement that could be followed by a short explanation of what this data processing generally includes.
Line 75: please add a reference for the optimal interpolation method.
Table 1: it would be nice to show the location of all stations in a figure; alternatively, the authors could at least add a few labels to Figure 1, with the names of those stations that are explicitly discussed later in paper.
Line 98: please add a few more details about how datum shifts are correct for, the current sentence is quite concise.
Line 185: change “series” into time series or stations.
Line 189: how is it possible to use the frequency bands from the previous point when different stations are used? Are the frequency bands determined on the ensemble of stations, hence valid for the whole domain? This issue could be made more explicit.
Line 217: please add reference for equation 5.
Line 223: I understand the need to combine observations from different times, but it rests on the assumption that sea level variability is constant over time, which might not be the case. This issue warrants a more explicit discussion.
Line 272: since some stations are not reproduced very well by the reconstruction, it might be worth removing them from the final product. I wonder whether the authors have tried this. If not, they might want to discuss why they choose to keep all stations.
Line 305: please explain what do you mean by interpolation errors.
Line 332: This advantage of the reconstruction could be highlighted better in the abstract.
Line 345: most recent global reconstructions since Hay et al. (2015), especially those by Dangendorf and colleagues, actually estimate trends smaller than 1.5 mm/yr (more precisely, about 1.2 mm/yr until 1990 and about 1.6 mm/yr until the mid 2010s). The reference to Marcos and Tsimplis (2007a) is outdated.
Figure 12: I wonder whether the fact that the reconstruction is better correlated to tide gauges than satellite altimetry is not simply a direct consequence of the applied methodology. The author should be cautious in arguing that such a correlation is a proof that their construction is superior to satellite altimetry. I'm not saying that I disagree, but such a claim requires a more detailed discussion.
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-169-RC1 - AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Jorge Ramos Alcántara, 21 Sep 2022
-
RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-169', Anonymous Referee #2, 19 Aug 2022
This study performed the reconstruction of coastal sea level variability of the Mediterranean Sea from tide-gauge datasets using an optimal interpolation method. The authors showed that the reconstruction provides better estimate of coastal sea level variability than the altimeter data. The topic of the study is important, and the method is well thought out. Hence, this manuscript is acceptable after revisions.
Major comment:
L327-328: As the authors mentioned, there are large differences of the sea level trends between the tide-gauge data and the reconstruction at Algeciras, Barcelona and Tarifa (Table 3). What is the reason of these differences? In addition, the trend of the tide-gauges is more heterogeneous than that of the reconstruction (Table 3). The optimal interpolation method for the reconstruction might not be suitable to capture small-scale coastal processes. Please discuss this point.
Minor comments:
Section 2.1: How do you remove the astronomical tide from the tide-gauge data?
L264: “interdecadal”?
L388-389: In this paragraph, the authors compared your result in summer with the result of the barotropic model by Martinez-Asensio et al. (2014). This comparison does not make sense. The authors should compare your result with the result of the tide-gauge data by Martinez-Asensio et al. (2014). The authors have to mention the difference of the results and advantages of your reconstruction.
Legend of Fig. 5: “serie” => “series"
Citation: https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-169-RC2 - AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Jorge Ramos Alcántara, 21 Sep 2022
Peer review completion
Post-review adjustments
Journal article(s) based on this preprint
Jorge Ramos Alcántara et al.
Jorge Ramos Alcántara et al.
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The requested preprint has a corresponding peer-reviewed final revised paper. You are encouraged to refer to the final revised version.
- Preprint
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