Preprints
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1092
https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2022-1092
01 Nov 2022
 | 01 Nov 2022

The QuantiSlakeTest, dynamic weighting of soil under water to measure soil structural stability

Frédéric M. Vanwindekens and Brieuc F. Hardy

Abstract. We evaluated the performance of a new, simple test to evaluate soil structural stability. The QuantiSlakeTest (QST) consists in a quantitative approach of the slake test, a dynamic weighting of a dried structured soil sample once immersed in water. The objective of this work was threefold: we aimed to (i) derive indicators from QST curves to evaluate soil structural stability regarding the underlying mechanisms of soil disaggregation; (ii) establish the relationship between soil properties and QST indicators; and (iii) assess how QST indicators respond to contrasting soil management practices. To meet these goals, we sampled the soil of 35 plots from three long-term field trials in the silt loam region of Belgium dealing with contrasting organic matter inputs, tillage treatments and P-K fertilisation, respectively. For each plot, QST curves were compared to the three tests of Le Bissonnais, targeting specific mechanisms of soil disaggregation.

Shortly after immersion in water, soil mass increases due to the rapid replacement of air by water in soil porosity. Then soil mass reaches a maximum before decreasing, once mass loss by disaggregation exceeds mass gain by air loss. Our results confirmed that the early mass loss under water is mainly related to slaking, whereas after a longer time period, clay dispersion becomes the dominant process of soil disaggregation. The overall soil structural stability was positively correlated to the soil organic carbon (SOC) content and negatively correlated to the clay content of soil. Accordingly, the SOC:clay ratio was closely related to QST indicators. Nevertheless, for a similar carbon (C) input, green manure and crop residues were more efficient in decreasing clay dispersivity whereas farmyard manure promoted SOC storage and was more efficient against slaking. QST curves had a strong discriminating power between reduced tillage and ploughing regardless of the indicator, as reduced tillage increases both total SOC content and root biomass in the topsoil.

The QST has several advantages. It is rapid to run, doesn't require expensive equipment or consumables and provides a high density of information on both specific mechanisms of soil disaggregation and the overall soil structural stability. As an open access program for QST data management is currently under development, the test has a strong potential for adoption by a widespread community of end-users.

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

17 Nov 2023
The QuantiSlakeTest, measuring soil structural stability by dynamic weighing of undisturbed samples immersed in water
Frédéric Marie Vanwindekens and Brieuc François Hardy
SOIL, 9, 573–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-573-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-573-2023, 2023
Short summary

Frédéric M. Vanwindekens and Brieuc F. Hardy

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-1092', Nicolas P.A. Saby, 24 Nov 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Frédéric Vanwindekens, 19 Dec 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-1092', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Feb 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Frédéric Vanwindekens, 19 Apr 2023

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor | : Report abuse
  • RC1: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-1092', Nicolas P.A. Saby, 24 Nov 2022
    • AC1: 'Reply on RC1', Frédéric Vanwindekens, 19 Dec 2022
  • RC2: 'Comment on egusphere-2022-1092', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Feb 2023
    • AC2: 'Reply on RC2', Frédéric Vanwindekens, 19 Apr 2023

Peer review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision | EF: Editorial file upload
ED: Revision (21 Apr 2023) by Estela Nadal Romero
AR by Frédéric Vanwindekens on behalf of the Authors (13 Jun 2023)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Revision (14 Jun 2023) by Estela Nadal Romero
ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (22 Jun 2023) by Estela Nadal Romero
RR by Anonymous Referee #2 (17 Jul 2023)
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (17 Jul 2023) by Estela Nadal Romero
AR by Frédéric Vanwindekens on behalf of the Authors (07 Sep 2023)  Author's response   Author's tracked changes   Manuscript 
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (10 Sep 2023) by Estela Nadal Romero
ED: Publish as is (13 Sep 2023) by John Quinton (Executive editor)
AR by Frédéric Vanwindekens on behalf of the Authors (14 Sep 2023)  Author's response   Manuscript 

Journal article(s) based on this preprint

17 Nov 2023
The QuantiSlakeTest, measuring soil structural stability by dynamic weighing of undisturbed samples immersed in water
Frédéric Marie Vanwindekens and Brieuc François Hardy
SOIL, 9, 573–591, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-573-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-9-573-2023, 2023
Short summary

Frédéric M. Vanwindekens and Brieuc F. Hardy

Data sets

Full git repository - QuantiSlakeTest - qst-openscience Vanwindekens F. M. and Hardy B. F. https://gitlab.com/FrdVnW/qst-openscience

Model code and software

R-package - slaker - Analysing the data of QuantiSlakeTest approach. R-package and Web Application Frédéric M. Vanwindekens and Roisin C. https://gitlab.com/FrdVnW/slaker

Notebook with codes, figures and tables - qst-openscience Vanwindekens F. M. and Hardy B. F. https://frdvnw.gitlab.io/qst-openscience/

Video supplement

A visualisation of the QuantiSlakeTest, comparing two contrasted samples Frédéric M. Vanwindekens https://youtu.be/G9UweThvHYI

Frédéric M. Vanwindekens and Brieuc F. Hardy

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Short summary
Structural stability is critical for sustainable agricultural soil management. We invented a simple test to measure soil structural stability. The QuantiSlakeTest consists in a dynamic weighting of a dried soil sample in water.The test is rapid, doesn’t require expensive equipment and provides a high density of information on soil structural properties. With an open access program for data management under development, the test has a strong potential for adoption by a large community of users.