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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-895</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A Generalized Framework for Multi-Parameter Optimization of Numerical Wind&amp;ndash;Wave Model: Application to Typhoon Waves near Taiwan Island</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Zongyu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Shuiqing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Jinrui</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kong</surname>
<given-names>Yuan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fang</surname>
<given-names>Yong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Han</surname>
<given-names>Jiageng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Pei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Po</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Forecasting, Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Fujian Marine Forecasts, Fuzhou, 350003, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100049, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>25</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Zongyu Li et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-895/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-895/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-895/egusphere-2026-895.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-895/egusphere-2026-895.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Accurate simulation of typhoon-induced waves is essential for marine hazard forecasting, yet numerical wave models remain limited under extreme wind conditions due to uncertainties in empirically calibrated parameters. In addition, conventional tuning approaches are inefficient for coordinated multi-parameter optimization. This study develops a multi-objective optimization framework for empirical parameter calibration in numerical wave models. Using the WAVEWATCH III model as a testbed, five key parameters influencing offshore and nearshore wave simulations are optimized for typhoon conditions in waters adjacent to Taiwan Island. Latin Hypercube Sampling is used to generate parameter combinations, and batch simulations are evaluated against buoy observations using root mean square error and bias. An adaptive regression model is constructed to map parameter space to error metrics, and the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) is applied to identify optimal parameter combinations. Validation with independent typhoon events shows that the optimized configuration effectively improves significant wave height simulations, reducing both RMSE and bias relative to the default scheme. The proposed framework provides an efficient and transferable approach for improving wave model performance under extreme wind conditions.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="25"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Key Research and Development Program of China</funding-source>
<award-id>2023YFC3008200</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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