<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-846</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>An Improvement to short term variability in Global Mean Sea level reconstruction</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shaw</surname>
<given-names>Andrew</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jevrejeva</surname>
<given-names>Svetlana</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9490-4665</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Calafat</surname>
<given-names>Francisco</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>SKYMAT Ltd, 11 Cedar Crescent, North Baddesley, Southampton, SO529FU, United  Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>National Oceanography Centre, Joseph Proudman Building, 6 Brownlow Street, Liverpool,  Merseyside, L3 5DA, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5 07122, Palma (Illes  Balears), Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>41</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Andrew Shaw et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-846/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-846/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-846/egusphere-2026-846.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-846/egusphere-2026-846.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We hypothesise that there is an overestimation of Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) variability from GMSL empirical orthogonal function (EOF) reconstructions due to differences between the tide gauge observations and their corresponding altimetry data. We show that these differences are correlated well with local winds along coastlines, suggesting that observations from tide gauges at the coast and satellite altimetry near the coast could partially be explained by the wind forcing. Correcting these differences through a mainly wind-driven regression model prior to the EOF reconstruction, reduces the standard deviation (SD) of the reconstructed GMSL variability by 26 % and significantly increases the correlation to 0.46 with respect to the observed averaged GMSL calculated from altimetry grid points (1994 to 2020). The model was used to extrapolate these differences prior to 1993 and a corrected GMSL reconstruction is presented.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="41"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>