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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-791</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Representation of the nitrogen cycle and its coupling with the carbon cycle in ISBA (SURFEX v9) the land surface model: evaluation using two Free-Air CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Enrichment experiment sites</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Decayeux</surname>
<given-names>Jeanne</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Decharme</surname>
<given-names>Bertrand</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8661-1464</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Darnajoux</surname>
<given-names>Romain</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Delire</surname>
<given-names>Christine</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6114-3211</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Météo-France, CNRS, Univ. Toulouse, CNRM, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l’Environnement (CRBE), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse INP, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>42</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Jeanne Decayeux et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-791/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-791/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-791/egusphere-2026-791.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-791/egusphere-2026-791.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Nitrogen (N) is a critical nutrient, that controls photosynthesis and decomposition processes. It is important to include the N cycle in the land component of climate models to improve the exchange fluxes of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; between land and atmosphere. We present here the implementation of the N cycle in the CNRM land surface model, namely ISBA. We evaluate the model on two Free-Air &amp;nbsp;Enrichment (FACE), experiments sites: Duke and Oak Ridge. In particular, the response to elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; is studied. We compare the reference version without the N cycle (C) and the new version in which it is included (CN). A comparison to a multi model analysis shows encouraging results, since the computed NPP and N assimilation flux fall in the inter model range. The CN version performs better than the C version for NPP. Next, we focus on the carbon cycle by confronting simulation results to observations. The CN version improves the carbon stocks, largely overestimated by the C version. In particular, at elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, in the CN version, photosynthesis is downregulated by the N limitation. This yields a reduction of C accumulation in soil and biomass in comparison to the C version. In the literature, diverging strategies are observed to overcome N limitation. The model reproduces well the main features but fails to represent some sites characteristics. Finally, a detailed analysis of the simulated N dynamics is presented.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Horizon 2020</funding-source>
<award-id>Grant Agreement No. 101003536</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Agence Nationale de la Recherche</funding-source>
<award-id>ANR-22-EXTR-0009</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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