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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-700</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Accelerating 3D Magnetotelluric Forward Modelling with Domain Decomposition and Order-Reduction Methods</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tao</surname>
<given-names>Luis</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1239-0453</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Muixí</surname>
<given-names>Alba</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4420-3366</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zlotnik</surname>
<given-names>Sergio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9674-8950</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zyserman</surname>
<given-names>Fabio Ivan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Afonso</surname>
<given-names>Juan Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Diez</surname>
<given-names>Pedro</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Laboratori de Càlcul Numèric (LaCàN), ETS de Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), Barcelona, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas, Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>School of Natural Sciences and CODES, University of Tasmania, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, Guangdong, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Geo-Information and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>20</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Luis Tao et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-700/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-700/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-700/egusphere-2026-700.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-700/egusphere-2026-700.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Three-dimensional (3D) magnetotelluric (MT) forward modelling is computationally demanding, limiting its use in global uncertainty quantification and sampling-based probabilistic inversion. Here, we introduce a novel forward-modelling framework that combines an iterative domain decomposition (DD) formulation with proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) reduced-order modelling to enable scalable and efficient 3D MT simulations. The DD component partitions the computational domain into subdomains, avoiding the factorization of a single global system, accelerating simulations by over 60 % compared to global solvers, and alleviating memory bottlenecks in large problems. The POD component leverages the local DD solutions to construct a reduced-order version of the problem that can deliver accurate and fast solutions to the 3D forward problem during subsequent evaluations. Using the DTM1 benchmark and a real-world conductivity model, we quantify runtime, memory, and accuracy in terms of MT quantities of interest (apparent resistivity and phase). DD&amp;ndash;POD achieves speed-ups exceeding 90 % relative to full-order solvers and up to 70 % relative to existing ROM techniques, while maintaining acceptable accuracy. These results suggest that DD&amp;ndash;POD can make higher-resolution 3D MT forward modelling practical within sampling-based workflows by substantially reducing both runtime and memory demands.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="35"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions</funding-source>
<award-id>101120556</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología</funding-source>
<award-id>PID2023-148952OB-I00</award-id>
<award-id>ID2023-153082OB-I00</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>Generalitat de Catalunya</funding-source>
<award-id>021-SGR-01049</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
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</front>
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