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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-6739</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Influence of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and benzene on the formation of secondary organic aerosol from naphthalene</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Polat</surname>
<given-names>Merve</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6675-2462</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ben Brik</surname>
<given-names>Amir</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>O'Sullivan</surname>
<given-names>Niall</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Campos-Pineda</surname>
<given-names>Mixtli</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3949-0572</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ruth</surname>
<given-names>Albert A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5935-5170</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wenger</surname>
<given-names>John</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-976X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nøjgaard</surname>
<given-names>Jakob K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>Matthews S.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-3955</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>National Research Centre for the Working Environment, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>School of Chemistry and Sustainability Institute, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Luper Technologies, NL-5656 AE Eindhoven, Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>School of Physics and Sustainability Institute, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>These authors contributed equally to this work.</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>13</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Merve Polat et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6739/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6739/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6739/egusphere-2026-6739.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6739/egusphere-2026-6739.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Naphthalene, the most abundant atmospheric gas-phase PAH and a known Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) precursor, is emitted from combustion and asphalt production and paving alongside other hydrocarbons, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. We investigated the influence of reaction conditions on the formation of SOA from the OH-oxidation of naphthalene in the Irish Atmospheric simulation Chamber (IASC). Benzene, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were added to the chamber both individually and in combination, resulting in a total of eight reaction mixtures (RM). SOA formation was observed in all RM, with the base case of 30 ppbv of naphthalene producing 40 &lt;em&gt;&amp;mu;&lt;/em&gt;g m&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;3&lt;/sup&gt; after 1 hour of photooxidation. The different co-reactants significantly influenced the formation and evolution of SOA: the addition of benzene delayed the onset of particle formation, whereas NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; accelerated particle formation by promoting faster generation of oxidation products and enhanced the total particle mass concentration, likely through enhanced OH radical recycling. The addition of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; accelerated particle formation by increasing the condensability of organic vapours without altering the underlying chemistry. The combined presence of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; produced the strongest effect, both accelerating oxidation product formation and enhancing partitioning into the particle phase. Our results demonstrate that studies of individual precursor systems may overlook secondary pollutant formation from mixture effects that are relevant to real-world environments. Air pollutant formation depends not only on SOA precursor emissions but also on co-oxidation with other gaseous pollutants. Reducing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions may therefore improve air quality and reduce occupational exposure.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>European Commission</funding-source>
<award-id>ATMO-ACCESS Grant No. 101008004</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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