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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-659</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Characteristics of tropical clouds with strong updrafts revealed by Doppler velocity measurements from EarthCARE/CPR</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hotta</surname>
<given-names>Haruka</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Suzuki</surname>
<given-names>Kentaroh</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5315-2452</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kikuchi</surname>
<given-names>Maki</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Aoki</surname>
<given-names>Shunsuke</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9179-187X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kubota</surname>
<given-names>Takuji</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0282-1075</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Earth Observation Research Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, 305-8505, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>05</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Haruka Hotta et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-659/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-659/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-659/egusphere-2026-659.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-659/egusphere-2026-659.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Updrafts within clouds are important for the climate system, yet global assessments have traditionally relied on indirect proxies. The EarthCARE satellite&apos;s 94 GHz Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) provides the first global, spaceborne Doppler velocity (Vd) profiles of clouds, enabling direct constraints on convective updraft intensity beyond proxy-based diagnostics. We analyze CPR cloud-property products over the tropics and extract convectively driven columns. We define &lt;em&gt;MaxVd &lt;/em&gt;as the maximum upward Vd within the subfreezing portion of each column. Columns with &lt;em&gt;MaxVd&lt;/em&gt; &amp;gt; 2.5 m s⁻&amp;sup1; are classified as strong-updraft (SU) columns. They exhibit systematically higher echo-top heights at 0 and 10 dBZ than weaker-updraft columns, linking microphysics to dynamics. The probability of SU occurrence strongly depends on the separation between the cloud top and the 0 dBZ echo top, defined as &amp;Delta;H. A small &amp;Delta;H robustly identifies SU, including relatively low-topped systems. Spatiotemporally, SU occurrence is enhanced over land, with notably higher values at the 14:00 local-time overpass than at 02:00. In contrast, oceanic regions have a smaller SU fraction and exhibit a weaker difference between the two overpass times. These SU enhancements primarily reflect a shift toward horizontally compact, small-&amp;Delta;H systems rather than higher cloud tops alone. Doppler folding preferentially occurs in small-&amp;Delta;H structures, with maxima during the continental afternoon, providing a qualitative tracer of extreme updrafts. The combined constraints from Doppler-derived updraft intensity and echo structure offer a process-oriented benchmark for evaluating the coupling between convective dynamics and microphysics in numerical models.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology</funding-source>
<award-id>JPMXD0722680395</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Japan Science and Technology Agency</funding-source>
<award-id>JPMJMS2281</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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