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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-6311</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>TIPMIP-OCEAN experimental protocol phase 2: Southern Ocean and Combined Dual-Hemispheric Freshwater Forcing</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fröb</surname>
<given-names>Friederike</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-1682</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chandler</surname>
<given-names>David Matthew</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-2412</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Romanou</surname>
<given-names>Anastasia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-4772</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Berger</surname>
<given-names>Manon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Torsvik</surname>
<given-names>Tomas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9138-5847</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Frölicher</surname>
<given-names>Thomas L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Chuncheng</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-6499</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Aixue</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1337-287X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huiskamp</surname>
<given-names>Willem</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-6348</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jones</surname>
<given-names>Colin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7221-8127</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jürchott</surname>
<given-names>Malte</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Klose</surname>
<given-names>Ann Kristin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Koenigk</surname>
<given-names>Torben</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2051-743X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Langebroek</surname>
<given-names>Petra M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1246-8781</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Laureanti</surname>
<given-names>Nicole</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-2950</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lerner</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>Torge</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0882-8780</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Menviel</surname>
<given-names>Laurie</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5068-1591</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Roach</surname>
<given-names>Lettie A.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4189-3928</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Robin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-7778</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Swingedouw</surname>
<given-names>Didier</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0583-0850</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
<sup>21</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Winkelmann</surname>
<given-names>Ricarda</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1248-3217</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Shuting</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0147-2056</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>NORCE Climate and Environment, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>US National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Earth System Analysis , Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Climate Change Research Centre, The Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK, RG6 6ES</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Earth Resilience Science Unit, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Integrative Earth System Science, Max Planck Institute of Geoanthropology, Jena, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>iC3: Centre for ice, Cryosphere, Carbon and Climate, Department of Geosciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20">
<label>20</label>
<addr-line>National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff21">
<label>21</label>
<addr-line>EPOC-Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5805, F-33600 Pessac, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Friederike Fröb et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6311/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6311/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6311/egusphere-2026-6311.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6311/egusphere-2026-6311.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>This paper describes the experiment protocol for coordinated simulations of Southern Ocean and combined dual-hemispheric (Southern Ocean and North Atlantic) ice sheet meltwater flux perturbations. These simulations form the second phase of the TIPMIP-OCEAN domain as part of the international Tipping Points Modelling Intercomparison Project (TIPMIP). We propose that the experiments are included in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 7 (CMIP7), although any emission-driven Earth System Models can implement the protocol. The experimental design complements the first phase of the TIPMIP-OCEAN domain experiments which address the response of the North Atlantic to various amounts of Greenland Ice Sheet meltwater at different levels of global warming. Here we propose a similar protocol exploring the impact of freshwater fluxes from the Antarctic Ice Sheet into the Southern Ocean. Further, the impact of freshening in both hemispheres is examined, through simultaneous freshwater release around Greenland and off the coast of Antarctica. Together with the North Atlantic hosing simulations, our proposed experiments will assess the combined impact of freshening in both hemispheres on the stability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and Southern Ocean Abyssal Circulation (SOAC), and their associated potential tipping mechanisms and impacts on the Earth system.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="24"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme</funding-source>
<award-id>101137673</award-id>
<award-id>101060452</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Norges Forskningsråd</funding-source>
<award-id>352204</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>UK Research and Innovation</funding-source>
<award-id>10039016</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
</back>
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