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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-6152</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A process-based representation of hydraulic activation of stomata induced by hygroscopic fertilizer salts in the ORCHIDEE-CROP model (v2.2)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Deng</surname>
<given-names>Shuaishuai</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4750-0853</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Burkhardt</surname>
<given-names>Jürgen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lauerwald</surname>
<given-names>Ronny</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5554-0897</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Flechard</surname>
<given-names>Christophe</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-9925</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Knauer</surname>
<given-names>Jürgen</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-7067</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dumont</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Baud-Fraile</surname>
<given-names>Emilio</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Su</surname>
<given-names>Yang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4717-9971</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yu</surname>
<given-names>Ke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Viovy</surname>
<given-names>Nicolas</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-6417</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Loubet</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8825-8775</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>UMR ECOSYS, INRAE AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>UMR 1069 SAS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Rennes, 35042, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007,  Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>ULiege-Gembloux AgroBio-Tech, Plant Sciences Axis, Crop Science Lab., B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>12</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Shuaishuai Deng et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6152/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6152/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6152/egusphere-2026-6152.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-6152/egusphere-2026-6152.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Hydraulic activation of stomata (HAS) induced by hygroscopic salt films on leaf surfaces can create an additional liquid water loss pathway beyond conventional stomatal vapor diffusion. However, this process is not represented in current land surface and crop models. Using the practice-relevant example of hygroscopic urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application to field crops, we developed a process-based parameterization of UAN-induced HAS in the ORCHIDEE-CROP model. The scheme represents event-based UAN retention, prognostic HAS storage, dry depletion, rainfall wash-off, and a relative humidity-dependent effective wet fraction, which is incorporated into the latent heat flux (LE) partitioning framework through an additional evaporative efficiency term. The parameterization was calibrated using event-scale transpiration anomalies from a winter wheat site and evaluated at three winter wheat sites and one maize site using eddy covariance (EC) observations and crop management records. The scheme produced transient post-UAN HAS responses, with declining HAS storage and event-specific wetting dynamics. Including HAS increased simulated mean LE during the 0&amp;ndash;10 d post-UAN period by 2.0&amp;ndash;4.0 % across the four study sites, while soil water feedback reduced plant transpiration, partially offsetting the direct HAS water loss, with mean offset fractions ranging from 13.3 % to 24.9 % across sites. Comparison with EC observations showed that including HAS tended to reduce negative LE bias when the standard model underestimated observed LE. Simulated gross primary productivity remained nearly unchanged, whereas increased LE reduced simulated inherent water-use efficiency by 4.0&amp;ndash;5.3 % across the four study sites. These results demonstrate the feasibility of representing UAN-induced HAS as an event-driven, meteorologically regulated process and provide a basis for extending the framework to hygroscopic aerosol effects in land surface and crop models.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</funding-source>
<award-id>446535617</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Agence Nationale de la Recherche</funding-source>
<award-id>16-CONV-0003</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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