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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5980</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>An overview of FRIDA v3.1: An update to a feedback-based, fully coupled, global integrated assessment model of climate and humans</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schoenberg</surname>
<given-names>William</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-1066</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Blanz</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-7497</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rajah</surname>
<given-names>Jefferson K.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8365-0428</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Callegari</surname>
<given-names>Beniamino</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wells</surname>
<given-names>Christopher</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1958-0984</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Putranti</surname>
<given-names>Theresia B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mahu</surname>
<given-names>Francisco</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9083-1846</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Molina</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0838-6959</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Köberle</surname>
<given-names>Alexandre C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Catherine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Costa</surname>
<given-names>Wanderson</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-5287</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Collste</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zwetsloot</surname>
<given-names>Karel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Breier</surname>
<given-names>Jannes</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9055-6904</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ramme</surname>
<given-names>Lennart</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8307-2493</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Chris</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-4633</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mauritzen</surname>
<given-names>Cecilie</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5956-8811</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>System Dynamics Group, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7802, 5020 Bergen, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>isee systems inc., 24 Hanover St. Suite 8A, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03766, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Research Unit Sustainability and Climate Risks, University of Hamburg, Grindelberg 5, 20144 Hamburg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>School of Economics, Innovation and Technology, Kristiania University of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Albanovägen 28, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstraße 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Climate Department, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, 0313 Blindern, Oslo, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>12</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>38</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 William Schoenberg et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5980/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5980/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5980/egusphere-2026-5980.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5980/egusphere-2026-5980.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Feedback-based knowledge Repository for IntegrateD Assessments (FRIDA) v3.1 is a fully coupled climate-human systems model designed to explore the global long-term co-evolution of environmental, technological, economic, financial, and social processes under deep uncertainty. While many integrated assessment models represent climate damages primarily through aggregate economic impacts, important feedbacks among human behaviour, energy systems, land use, climate impacts, technological change, and financial stability remain weakly represented or exogenous. FRIDA v3.1 addresses this limitation through a system dynamics framework that embeds these processes within a unified feedback-rich structure, enabling emergent dynamics to arise from interactions across sectors rather than from externally prescribed assumptions. Building on earlier model versions, FRIDA v3.1 introduces representations of climate-driven wildfire dynamics, endogenous fertilizer use, sectorally disaggregated and behaviourally-informed energy demand, climate impacts on wind energy productivity, endogenous life expectancy, carbon capture and storage technologies, and macro-financial policy mechanisms designed to reduce climate-related financial risks. The model integrates these additions with existing representations of the climate system, carbon cycle, hydrology, population, economy, agriculture, land use, and energy supply. Calibration and evaluation against a large historical dataset and extensive uncertainty ensembles show that the updated model reproduces history while generating novel feedbacks that influence future development pathways. FRIDA v3.1 advances the capacity of integrated assessment modelling to investigate how behavioural, biophysical, technological, and financial processes jointly shape climate outcomes, providing a transparent and computationally efficient platform for uncertainty analysis, scenario exploration, and policy assessment in a rapidly changing world.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="38"/></counts>
<funding-group>
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<funding-source>HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility</funding-source>
<award-id>101081661</award-id>
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<funding-source>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</funding-source>
<award-id>390683824</award-id>
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<funding-source>Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior</funding-source>
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<award-id>UID/50019/2025</award-id>
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<funding-source>NextGenerationEU</funding-source>
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</front>
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<back>
</back>
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