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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
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<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5839</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>TERRA-NG v1.0: Extreme-Scale, GPU-accelerated Mantle Convection</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Böhm</surname>
<given-names>Fabian</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5921-1115</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kohl</surname>
<given-names>Nils</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ilangovan</surname>
<given-names>Ponsuganth</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8682-1307</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Robl</surname>
<given-names>Gabriel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6107-2508</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rezaei</surname>
<given-names>Fatemeh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mohr</surname>
<given-names>Marcus</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-8484</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schuberth</surname>
<given-names>Bernhard</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-1589</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Köstler</surname>
<given-names>Harald</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bunge</surname>
<given-names>Hans-Peter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rüde</surname>
<given-names>Ulrich</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Erlangen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Chair for System Simulation (CS10), Friedrich–Alexander–Universität Erlangen–Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, LMU Munich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>CERFACS, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>26</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Fabian Böhm et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5839/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5839/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5839/egusphere-2026-5839.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5839/egusphere-2026-5839.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We present TERRA-NG, a portable, GPU-accelerated, matrix-free mantle-convection code. A single Kokkos C++ implementation runs at scale on NVIDIA, AMD, and Intel GPU supercomputers. TERRA-NG has a deliberately narrow design: built on a radially extruded mesh of spherical wedges, tailored to the spherical shell geometry, which enables domain-specific optimizations like single quadrature-point integral-evaluations, radial coordinate storage compression and radial shared-memory tiling. The corresponding low-order &lt;em&gt;W&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-iso-&lt;em&gt;W&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;em&gt;W&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; wedge-based Stokes--energy discretisation is verified against the Zhong et al.(2008) spherical-shell convection benchmark suite. We showcase TERRA-NG through strong- and weak-scaling on the JUWELS Booster (NVIDIA A100), MareNostrum 5 (NVIDIA H100), LUMI-G (AMD MI250X), Hunter (AMD MI300A APU), and SuperMUC-NG Phase 2 (Intel PVC) supercomputers. Coupled mantle convection simulations at &amp;sim;11 km and &amp;sim;5.6 km radial spacing (&amp;sim;2.8 B and &amp;sim;22 B DoFs) can be run routinely on standard node partitions of all considered systems. Global &amp;sim;1 km-per-gridpoint mantle convection (&amp;sim;1.4 T DoFs) is feasible on an extreme-scale allocation, and a sub-km hero-run at &amp;sim;0.7 km grid spacing scaling up to &amp;sim;11,000 GPUs of LUMI-G (&amp;sim;11 T DoFs) shows the potential of the code on future, larger machines.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="22"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg</funding-source>
<award-id>N/A</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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