<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5769</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Greenland fjord processes have a depth-dependent influence on predicted submarine melt rates</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cameron</surname>
<given-names>Emma F.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4549-750X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cowton</surname>
<given-names>Tom R.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-7372</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bradley</surname>
<given-names>Alexander T.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8381-5317</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Holland</surname>
<given-names>Paul R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>02</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Emma F. Cameron et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5769/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5769/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5769/egusphere-2026-5769.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5769/egusphere-2026-5769.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Recent ice loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet has been driven in part by the retreat of marine-terminating glaciers in response to ocean warming. Efforts to quantify ocean forcing often rely on far-field ocean properties, which differ from those adjacent to glacier termini in fjords. To quantify these differences and their significance for glacier ablation, we analyse 58 pairs of near-glacier and fjord-mouth conductivity-temperature-depth measurements from 38 fjords around Greenland collected between 2016 and 2021. Relative to fjord mouth properties, near-glacier profiles show consistent near-surface cooling, attributed to iceberg melt, and intermediate-depth warming caused by plume-driven upwelling of deeper waters. Available results from Southeast Greenland appear different, with near-glacier waters colder and fresher than fjord mouths at all depths. Our results show that while it is generally reasonable to use shelf water properties to model submarine melt at depths &amp;gt; 250 m (except for fjords with shallow sills), this approach will significantly overestimate melt near the surface and underestimate at mid depth, potentially influencing the predicted rate of glacier ablation.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="23"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Natural Environment Research Council</funding-source>
<award-id>NE/S007431/1</award-id>
<award-id>NE/W00531X/1</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Advanced Research and Invention Agency</funding-source>
<award-id>This work was supported by the Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA) under the Forecasting Tipping Points programme (Project: GIANT - Greenland Ice sheet to Atlantic tipping points from ice loss)</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>