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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5534</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Dark brown carbon and aerosol mixing impacts on absorbing aerosol optical depth in the southeastern United States</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ng</surname>
<given-names>Alexandra E.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0543-4222</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shrivastava</surname>
<given-names>Manish</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9053-2400</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gaudet</surname>
<given-names>Brian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>He</surname>
<given-names>Cenlin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7367-2815</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>Zezhen</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6320-4519</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vizuete</surname>
<given-names>William</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1399-2948</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North  Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354,  United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, Research Applications Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>07</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Alexandra E. Ng et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5534/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5534/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5534/egusphere-2026-5534.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5534/egusphere-2026-5534.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Wildfires are becoming more prevalent in the southeastern United States. Wildfires emit light absorbing organic aerosols such as black carbon and dark brown carbon (tar balls) that influence regional air quality and radiative forcing. Recent experimental work has identified dark brown carbon as a potentially significant source of warming in the atmosphere. However, dark brown carbon is not typically included in air quality and climate models. We added dark brown carbon from wildfires as a species in the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 4.2 with the Quick-Fire Emissions Database (QFED). The model simulations were run over the southeastern United States from June 21&lt;sup&gt;st&lt;/sup&gt; to June 30&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; 2013 in conjunction with in-situ measurements of aerosol extinction from the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) aircraft campaign and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from the ground-based remote sensing Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The impacts of imaginary refractive index, aerosol mixing, and Mie method were investigated with an offline radiation model for computationally efficient evaluation. Dark brown carbon was found to increase absorbing aerosol optical depth (AAOD) by up to 5.2 % in the simulation time and region. We derived a linear equation to estimate the correlation between modeled AAOD and columnar dark brown carbon (AAOD = 0.0023[D-BrC] + 0.0007) with core-shell considerations. Core-shell aerosol mixing and explicit Mie computation enhanced increases in AAOD from dark brown carbon at AERONET sites (up to 6.42 %). These results indicate that models omitting dark brown carbon may underestimate aerosol absorption in wildfire-influenced regions, and that including it, along with a realistic mixing state and Mie treatment, is important for estimating radiative forcing as wildfire activity increases.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Office of Science Graduate Student Research Program</funding-source>
<award-id>DE‐SC0014664</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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