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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5464</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Particle-associated benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers exhibit atmospheric persistence against &lt;sup&gt;&amp;bull;&lt;/sup&gt;OH heterogeneous oxidation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>Kang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Tianhong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Liuqing</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xiu</surname>
<given-names>Guangli</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1122-331X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Xinke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Lei</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9789-8897</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>State Environmental Protection Key Lab of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>SCIEX Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200000, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>21</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Kang Gao et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5464/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5464/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5464/egusphere-2026-5464.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5464/egusphere-2026-5464.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilizers (BT-UVs) are ubiquitous in airborne particles due to continuous emissions from widespread usage&amp;nbsp;in plastic and rubber, with several congeners recognized as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) under the Stockholm Convention. While&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;&amp;bull;&lt;/sup&gt;OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation is the primary atmospheric degradation pathway for particle-associated&amp;nbsp;organics, the degradation kinetics and fate of particulate BT-UVs remain poorly constrained. Herein,&amp;nbsp;an oxidation flow reactor (OFR)&amp;nbsp;was utilized&amp;nbsp;to systematically investigate the &lt;sup&gt;&amp;bull;&lt;/sup&gt;OH-initiated heterogeneous oxidation processes of eight commonly used BT-UVs.&amp;nbsp;The results revealed that the intrinsic second-order rate constants ranged from (4.12 &amp;plusmn; 0.30) &amp;times; 10&lt;sup&gt;&amp;ndash;13&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;to (13.2 &amp;plusmn; 1.17) &amp;times; 10&lt;sup&gt;&amp;ndash;13&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;molecules&lt;sup&gt;&amp;ndash;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;s&lt;sup&gt;&amp;ndash;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;,&amp;nbsp;corresponding to&amp;nbsp;atmospheric lifetimes exceeding one week and&amp;nbsp;significant potential for long-range environmental transport (LRET). Furthermore, elevated ambient humidity enhanced their degradation rates by approximately 30%, whereas coexisting soluble iron exhibited a marginal effect.&amp;nbsp;The oxidation proceeded mainly through alkyl-group and phenyl-ring reactions, yielding 30 tentatively identified transformation products (TPs), 24 of which were subsequently confirmed in ambient PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;.&amp;nbsp;These&amp;nbsp;findings quantitatively confirm the high persistence of particulate BT-UVs and highlight&amp;nbsp;the necessity of evaluating the environmental risks and human inhalation hazards of their secondary transformation products.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="21"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source>
<award-id>22676060</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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