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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5431</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Ground ice distribution and degradation rates in the near-shore coastal zone</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Warren</surname>
<given-names>Craig</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0777-7002</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lim</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Coote</surname>
<given-names>Georgia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Macpherson</surname>
<given-names>Luke</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Rebecca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Whalen</surname>
<given-names>Dustin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Engineering, Physics, and Mathematics, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Dartmouth, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Craig Warren et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5431/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5431/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5431/egusphere-2026-5431.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5431/egusphere-2026-5431.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Ice-rich permafrost coasts are among the most rapidly changing shorelines on Earth, and their retreat is episodic and highly variable along-shore, which makes planning and management difficult. Massive ground ice within and beneath coastal bluffs is a primary control on that retreat, yet its three-dimensional distribution cannot be assessed from surface observations and is rarely characterised at the resolution coastal protection decisions require. We present a dense three-dimensional Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey, combined with passive seismic Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) measurements, photogrammetry, and active layer thickness probing with validation pits, acquired across the beach at Qikiqtarjuak&amp;nbsp; Tuktoyaktuk Island), Beaufort Sea, Northwest Territories, Canada, over three summer campaigns. The GPR resolves the upper surface of a massive ice body dipping seaward at approximately 1:5, from 0.4 to 2 m below the beach, with along-shore variability resolvable only through dense three-dimensional survey. Repeat survey over a five-year interval yields the first direct measurements of coastal massive ice degradation at this site: a mean of 6 &amp;plusmn; 2 cm yr&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt; along a mid-beach transect, rising to 14 &amp;plusmn; 2 cm yr&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt; in the shallowest ice sampled. The rate decays exponentially with overburden thickness, with a decay length of 40 cm. Read through the thermal damping-depth relation, that length scale implies a surface forcing period of 7-27 days, excluding the diurnal tidal constituents and the annual cycle and pointing instead to fortnightly-scale wetting of the beach by spring tides and storm surge. Rising thawing indices account for the magnitude of the mean rate; the fortnightly signal governs how it varies with depth. The depth-dependence of ground ice loss therefore appears to be set by the frequency with which the surface is wetted, rather than by overburden insulation alone. That control is not fixed: it will shift as open-water seasons lengthen and storm frequency changes, and armouring a beach necessarily alters it. The baseline established here, immediately prior to rock armour installation in March 2025, provides a direct test of that expectation.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Natural Environment Research Council</funding-source>
<award-id>NE/X005658/1</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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