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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5426</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Dynamical adjustment and observational constraints to estimate recent forced European warming</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cariou</surname>
<given-names>Enora</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4349-6490</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cattiuaux</surname>
<given-names>Julien</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Qasmi</surname>
<given-names>Saïd</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ribes</surname>
<given-names>Aurélien</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-7885</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Météo-France, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>07</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>33</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Enora Cariou et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5426/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5426/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5426/egusphere-2026-5426.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5426/egusphere-2026-5426.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Europe has experienced rapid warming in recent decades. Previous studies have shown that changes in atmospheric circulation can explain part of this warming, but whether these dynamical changes are driven by internal variability or by external forcings remains unclear. In this study, we provide an estimate of the forced dynamical response over the 1979&amp;ndash;2024 period, combining dynamical adjustment and observational constraint methods. While non-dynamical processes account for most of the observed warming, we show that the dynamical component also contains a non-negligible positive forced contribution. Overall, by incorporating dynamical information into observational constraints, we provide a new estimate of the future European warming, but find that this addition does not substantially reduce the uncertainty in climate projections.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="33"/></counts>
</article-meta>
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