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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-5223</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Global spatial and temporal variations of gravity-wave-induced heat fluxes and heating rates based on SABER&apos;s observations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Xiao</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-7516</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Jiyao</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yue</surname>
<given-names>Jia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0577-5289</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Qinzeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yan</surname>
<given-names>Zhaoai</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yangkun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Vital</surname>
<given-names>Luiz Fillip Rodrigues</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2363-2352</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moro</surname>
<given-names>Juliano</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-2222</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Solar Activity and Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Physics Department, Catholic University of America, DC, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>State University of Paraíba — UEPB, Paraíba, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Santa Maria, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>09</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Xiao Liu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5223/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5223/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5223/egusphere-2026-5223.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-5223/egusphere-2026-5223.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Gravity waves (GWs) play an important role in balancing the energy budget of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) by heating/cooling the background atmosphere. The global heat fluxes and heating rates generated by non-breaking GWs are derived from SABER observations during 2002&amp;ndash;2025. The derived heat fluxes are mainly downward and cool the background atmosphere, with peaks occurring at 80&amp;ndash;100 km. Around 35 &amp;deg;N, the monthly mean heat flux and heating rate are ~&amp;minus;0.7 Kms&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt; and ~&amp;minus;12 Kday&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;, with standard deviations of ~1.1 Kms&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt; and ~20 Kday&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. Global GW-induced heat fluxes and heating rates exhibit stronger annual and weaker semiannual oscillations, with the stronger peak in summer hemisphere. Moreover, these quantities show notable interhemispheric and seasonal asymmetries, with larger summer amplitudes occurring at the northern high latitudes. Such interhemispheric asymmetry agrees with the colder summer mesopause at northern high latitudes. However, the heat fluxes and heating rates derived here are ~0.3&amp;minus;0.5 times the values lidar observations and are ~0.5 times the theoretical values and breaking GWs. These underestimations are induced by the uncertainties of GW propagation directions, observational filter, and limited GW wavelengths observable by SABER.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="28"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source>
<award-id>42574216</award-id>
<award-id>42404170</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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