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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4934</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Technical note: Development and field validation of SMART-ASF, a low-cost automated soil gas flux monitoring system for long-term field observations</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fu</surname>
<given-names>Ching-Chou</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-2899</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Sheng-Fu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Li-Hung</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Kuo-Hang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ku</surname>
<given-names>Chin-Shang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-6833</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kuo-Chen</surname>
<given-names>Hao</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2282-9218</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wu</surname>
<given-names>Kuo-Wei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Chin-Jen</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-4256</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>XY ELECCONTROL TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD, Taoyuan, Taiwan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>21</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>26</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Ching-Chou Fu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4934/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4934/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4934/egusphere-2026-4934.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4934/egusphere-2026-4934.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;span&gt;Continuous, high temporal resolution measurements of soil gas fluxes are essential for understanding terrestrial carbon cycling and subsurface fluid processes, yet long-term autonomous monitoring remains limited by the high cost and operational complexity of conventional systems. This study presents the development and field validation of the SMART Automated Soil Flux (SMART-ASF) system, a low-cost and modular platform that integrates automated chamber-based flux measurements, low-cost gas sensing, wireless telemetry, and solar powered autonomous operation for continuous soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux monitoring.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Laboratory calibration against a commercial LGR M-GGA-918 analyzer demonstrated excellent linearity (R&amp;sup2; &amp;asymp; 1) over a CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration range of approximately 100 to 8500 ppm, with relative deviations generally within 3 to 5 % over the concentration range most relevant to soil gas flux measurements. Independent comparisons with conventional manual closed chamber measurements showed good agreement under field conditions. Long-term field deployment for more than five months demonstrated stable unattended operation without routine maintenance or component replacement under natural environmental conditions. Continuous observations successfully captured both short-term and seasonal variations in soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux, including a marked suppression of emissions during intense rainfall associated with Typhoon Fengshen and the subsequent recovery of background fluxes. The system also consistently resolved low background fluxes below 0.1 g&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;m&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2 &lt;/sup&gt;d&lt;strong&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, demonstrating sufficient sensitivity for monitoring low emission environments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;These results support the &lt;span&gt;applicability of the SMART-ASF system for long-term automated soil gas flux monitoring and its potential use in terrestrial carbon cycle research and environmental geochemical monitoring.&lt;/span&gt;</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Science and Technology Council</funding-source>
<award-id>112-2740-M-001-001</award-id>
<award-id>113-2116-M-001-017</award-id>
<award-id>114-2119-M-002-033</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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