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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4903</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Contribution of livestock effluent management to the soil greenhouse gas emission in a Sahelian agropastoral region</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yakoubou Alzouma</surname>
<given-names>Yanoussa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hiernaux</surname>
<given-names>Pierre</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Serça</surname>
<given-names>Dominique</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-1440</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Delon</surname>
<given-names>Claire</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2657-4267</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mohamad Ba</surname>
<given-names>Seydina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kaire</surname>
<given-names>Maguette</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Larwanou</surname>
<given-names>Mahamane</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Faculté d’Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni, Niamey, Niger</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Pastoralism Engineering (PastoC )), Caylus, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, LAERO, Toulouse, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Université Cheikh Anta Diop, IESOL, IRD ISRA, Dakar, Senegal</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Regional Climate Center for West Africa and the Sahel (Agrhymet), Niamey, Niger</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>27</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Yanoussa Yakoubou Alzouma et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4903/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4903/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4903/egusphere-2026-4903.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4903/egusphere-2026-4903.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG, i.e., CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O) emissions from soils is a major component of the carbon footprint of the agro-pastoral ecosystems in the Sahelian region. For this purpose, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were measured in the district of Dantchandou in Niger using a portable analyzer EMG-5 over the annual cycle at nineteen sites from three land use types: shifting crop fields, manured crop fields, and fallow, as well as from three livestock concentration spots: livestock corrals, areas near pastoral ponds and near a pastoral well. Furthermore, CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;, and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions were measured using a static chamber on a subsample of three land uses and in five different months. The daily and seasonal emission dynamics are defined. The CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions measured with the EMG-5 are consistently lower at the beginning and end of the day, higher in the early afternoon in un-manured sites, and in the late morning in manured sites. Mean daily CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions increase with the first rains in June, peak at the beginning and end of the rainy season, and fall sharply following the end of the rains in October. The average daily CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions from livestock concentration spots reaches during the rainy season 2.64&amp;plusmn;1.35 gCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in vicinity of the pond, 24.99&amp;plusmn;15.73 gCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in corralling field and 75.09&amp;plusmn;28.34 gCO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; close to the pastoral well, compared to respectively 1.53&amp;plusmn;1.35, 1.68&amp;plusmn;0.65 and 4.68&amp;plusmn;0.75 gCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; during the dry season. The rainy season averages from shifting, manured and fallow fields are 4.3&amp;plusmn;2.72, 13.8&amp;plusmn;5.76 and 4.7&amp;plusmn;2.62 gCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; respectively and only 1.3&amp;plusmn;0.41, 1.8&amp;plusmn;0.48 and 1.2&amp;plusmn;0.35 gCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; during the dry season. The annual mean CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions are very high in livestock corrals and near pastoral wells (respectively 34.0&amp;plusmn;10.9 and 92.5 MgCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) and higher in manured fields (21.2 &amp;plusmn;3.9 MgCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) than in shifting fields, fallow and around ponds (8.3&amp;plusmn;2.5, 8.7&amp;plusmn;1.5 and 9.9&amp;plusmn;3.7 MgCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; respectively). To account for that spatial variability in assessing the annual emissions at the scale of the district, emissions were weighted by the areas of each land use or livestock concentration spots in the territory. As a result, annual emissions from soils in the district are estimated at 16.5 MgCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, 175 kg CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 36 kg N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; y&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. The gap in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions between manured and un-manured sites is used to estimate the contribution of the livestock effluent deposit to the annual CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions in the territory. In average over the year this contribution amounts 0.48 gCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt;d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; or 15.3% of total soil CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions.&amp;nbsp;</p>
</abstract>
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