<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4806</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Multimodel implementation of the Raven HBV-EC model for streamflow simulation and uncertainty quantification</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jabbari</surname>
<given-names>Aida</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Music</surname>
<given-names>Biljana</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huard</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Craig</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2715-7166</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Turcotte</surname>
<given-names>Richard</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bizhanimanzar</surname>
<given-names>Mohammad</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lachance-Cloutier</surname>
<given-names>Simon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Malenfant</surname>
<given-names>Charles</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Anctil</surname>
<given-names>François</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-4883</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>CentrEau – Water Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Ouranos, 550 Sherbrooke W., West Tower, 19th floor, Montreal, H3A 1B9, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, de la Faune et des Parcs (MELCCFP),  Direction principale de l’expertise hydrique (DPEH), Québec, G1R 5V7, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Climate risk and resilience consultant, CIMA+, Montréal, Québec, H3C 1J2, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Aida Jabbari et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4806/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4806/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4806/egusphere-2026-4806.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4806/egusphere-2026-4806.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Despite advancements in hydrological modelling, quantifying inherent uncertainties in simulation and forecasting remains essential. These uncertainties arise from sources such as initial conditions, input data, parameter estimation, and model structure. While the hydrological community has increasingly focused on uncertainty assessment, most studies concentrate on input data and parameter uncertainty within specific models, leaving model structure uncertainty unexplored. This study introduces an ensemble-based approach to assess hydrological distributed model uncertainty, emphasizing model structure and input data uncertainties concurrently. The study leverages the Raven hydrological modelling framework to create an ensemble of hydrological model structures. This structural ensemble fed noise-perturbed forcing inputs to represent input data uncertainty. The forward greedy method aids in selecting a pool of models from the ensemble, enhancing reliability and reducing the model count. This method is employed to refine the model pool by ensuring that each criterion meets the predefined performance standards. The approach is demonstrated over the southwest portion of the Saint-Laurent watershed in Canada, evaluating model ensembles against observed streamflow. This study advances the understanding of hydrological model uncertainty assessment and emphasizes the significance of a comprehensive, multimodel approach that accounts for structural, input data, and calibration uncertainties for robust streamflow simulations and forecasts. The findings highlight how employing multimodel ensembles is crucial for minimizing different sources of uncertainty, as opposed to relying on a solitary model.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="36"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>