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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4746</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Quantifying 3D topographic effects on geothermal heat flow beneath the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Freienstein</surname>
<given-names>Judith</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2643-1525</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Carter</surname>
<given-names>Charlotte</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4570-9580</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hüttner</surname>
<given-names>Georg-Maximilian</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3644-4818</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Eisen</surname>
<given-names>Olaf</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6380-962X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Szwillus</surname>
<given-names>Wolfgang</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ebbing</surname>
<given-names>Jörg</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7492-5338</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Geosciences, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Alfred Wegener Institute, Bremerhaven, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Judith Freienstein et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4746/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4746/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4746/egusphere-2026-4746.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4746/egusphere-2026-4746.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The North East Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) is the largest ice stream in Greenland, and previous studies debate the reasons for its initiation so far into the interior of the ice sheet. Here, we explore how important 3D geothermal heat flow (GHF) is to effective heat transport as a contributing factor. We estimate the effect of high-resolution bed topography on GHF using the finite-element framework pyGIMLi to perform 3D thermal simulations. The bed topography is derived from recent airborne ice-penetrating radar data and covers an area of approximately 40 x 60 km&amp;sup2; surrounding the EastGRIP ice core site at the onset of the ice stream. As large-scale GHF models currently show substantial discrepancies in north-east Greenland, we evaluate the 3D effects for two contrasting background GHF models. Our results show that incorporation of high-resolution bed topography leads to local GHF deviations of up to 20 % relative to background models, closely following topographic patterns. Therefore, incorporating high-resolution GHF, especially in regions with a large ice flux, could reduce uncertainties in our understanding of the origin and stability of ice streams. However, for the NEGIS itself, our preferred background model of low GHF implies that topographic effects channeling GHF do not significantly alter the behavior of the ice stream.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft</funding-source>
<award-id>535728086</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung</funding-source>
<award-id>INSPIRES III programme</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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