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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4732</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Climatic cycles and potential bias in the relationship between channel steepness and cosmogenic erosion rates</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fang</surname>
<given-names>Xianjun</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8860-2454</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Willett</surname>
<given-names>Sean D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>02</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>30</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Xianjun Fang</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4732/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4732/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4732/egusphere-2026-4732.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4732/egusphere-2026-4732.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We investigate the relationship between river channel steepness, catchment-averaged erosion rates from cosmogenic nuclides, and their potential sensitivity to cyclic precipitation rate. Using a one-dimensional longitudinal river-profile model based on the stream power law, we simulate the temporal evolution of channel steepness and erosion rates under a range of cyclic precipitation regimes. Our analysis explores the roles of sinusoidal precipitation characterized by an amplitude (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), mean (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), period, and uplift rate. We find that the ratio of precipitation amplitude to mean (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) is the primary control on variations in instantaneous catchment-integrated erosion rates (&lt;em&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;in&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), erosion rate averaged over cosmogenic nuclide accumulation time (&lt;em&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;cos&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), and precipitation-modified channel steepness (&lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s-Q&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;). These oscillations lead to deviations of &lt;em&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;cos&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s-Q&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; from uplift rates and the corresponding channel steepness, and in regions with high &lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; values, the regression between erosion rate and channel steepness becomes unreliable, with extreme phase differences potentially reversing their expected relationship. To address these limitations, we introduce a new erosion rate metric, Cosmogenic-constrained cycle-mean erosion rate (&lt;em&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;cos-Qm&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), which represents the mean erosion rate over a climatic cycle, derived from cosmogenic nuclide concentrations combined with information on climate cyclicity. Using 1D river profile modelling, combined with &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s-Qeff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, which is the channel steepness modified by effective precipitation over climatic cycles, we demonstrate that the relationship between &lt;em&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;cos-Qm&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s-Q&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;eff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; remains stable across sinusoidal, insolation-based and proxy-based precipitation cycles, making them more reliable indicators of long-term erosion or uplift rates. We apply this approach to granite catchments in the Three Rivers region as a natural case study to evaluate the performance of paleo-precipitation-integrated erosion rate and channel steepness metrics,&lt;em&gt; E&lt;sub&gt;cos-Qm&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;s-Qeff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;. The results demonstrate that catchments with higher &lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;a&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; / &lt;em&gt;P&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; values exhibit larger discrepancies between &lt;em&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;cos&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;em&gt;E&lt;sub&gt;cos-Qm&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;sn-Q&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; from &lt;em&gt;k&lt;sub&gt;sn-Qeff&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, highlighting the importance of accounting for temporal precipitation variability in interpreting erosion-steepness relationships.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>ETH Zürich Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>Biodiversity, Earth, Climate Coupling in Yunnan</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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