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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4719</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A method for seeding and unseeding tropical cyclones in Earth system models using axisymmetric vortices</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pan</surname>
<given-names>Joshua</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2931-2106</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zarzycki</surname>
<given-names>Colin M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-042X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>25</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Joshua Pan</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4719/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4719/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4719/egusphere-2026-4719.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4719/egusphere-2026-4719.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The upscale influence of tropical cyclones (TCs) on the broader climate system remains poorly understood because of limitations in existing diagnostic and modeling methods. To address this, we present a method to modulate TC activity online in Earth-system models. Balanced, axisymmetric TC-like vortical perturbations derived from an analytical formulation with tunable parameters are superimposed on the atmospheric state. To add TCs to the model (&quot;seeding&quot;), cyclonic perturbations are introduced into quiescent environments. To remove TCs from the model (&quot;unseeding&quot;), anticyclonic perturbations are iteratively tuned to cancel existing TCs. During vortex insertion and removal, the balanced formulation prevents spurious wave generation while scalar global field corrections prevent climate drift.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;In fully coupled aquaplanet simulations, the method reliably modulates TC climatology: seeding increases TC frequency and accumulated cyclone energy well above baseline, while unseeding reduces them by up to 95%. TC tracking shows that seeding primarily enhances genesis, whereas unseeding suppresses TC frequency by predominantly targeting incipient storms. The resulting experiments produce systematic tropical mean-state and radiative responses that scale approximately monotonically with TC activity, including upper-ocean cooling and mid-tropospheric drying as TC activity increases. These large-scale atmospheric mean-state responses differ qualitatively from short-term local anomalies associated with individual TCs, providing strong evidence that TCs modify their surrounding environment. These results establish online vortex manipulation as a practical, climatologically stable framework for investigations of TC upscale effects in the coupled tropical atmosphere-ocean system.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="36"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>2126458</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>National Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>1916689</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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