<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" specific-use="SMUR" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4533</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>In situ observations of gravity waves over tropical cyclone Hinnamnor (2022) suggest that TC gravity wave amplitudes are underestimated in ERA5 reanalysis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>KleinStern</surname>
<given-names>Carly</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7333-0371</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Clouser</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0323-6620</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bui</surname>
<given-names>Thaopaul</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dean-Day</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Desmoulin</surname>
<given-names>Adrien</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4788-9553</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Franke</surname>
<given-names>James</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nakamura</surname>
<given-names>Hisashi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ueyama</surname>
<given-names>Rei</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Watanabe</surname>
<given-names>Shingo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Moyer</surname>
<given-names>Elisabeth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>University of Chicago, Dept. of Physics, Chicago, IL, USA 60637</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>University of Chicago, Dept. of the Geophysical Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA 60637</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA 94035</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA, USA 94035</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change (WPI-AIMEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>26</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Carly KleinStern et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4533/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4533/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4533/egusphere-2026-4533.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4533/egusphere-2026-4533.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to regularly excite near-concentric outwardly radiating gravity waves in the lower stratosphere, with horizontal wavelengths of a few hundred kilometers. These disturbances can potentially drive in situ cirrus production, but their amplitudes have been poorly known: satellite observations produce substantially lower amplitudes than those in models or reanalysis, and there have been few aircraft overflights to provide in situ measurements. We present here data from a new TC overflight of supertyphoon Hinnamnor by the NASA WB-57 in 2022 during ACCLIP (the Asian Summer Monsoon Chemical and CLimate Impact Project). Hinnamnor produced a clear and large gravity wave temperature signal in the lower stratosphere, at 9.6 K peak-to-peak, nearly an order of magnitude larger than typical satellite studies and three times as large as in contemporaneous ERA5 reanalysis. The measured value would fall in the 97th percentile in ERA5, based on a sample of 114 summertime TCs in the Western Pacific basin, which produce near-ubiquitous but weaker concentric gravity waves. A metanalysis and comparison of ERA5 to observed winds suggests that both satellite retrievals and reanalysis underestimate TC gravity wave amplitudes because of resolution constraints. Satellite retrievals dampen short-vertical wavelength perturbations, while reanalyses fail to capture the rapid intensification of tropical cyclones that is associated with strong gravity wave production. These results imply that high-resolution measurements are needed to quantify the influence of TC-induced gravity waves on the stratospheric water budget.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="34"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>OISE-174375</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>