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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
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<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4516</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Dynamic vegetation&amp;ndash;soil&amp;ndash;water feedbacks as an under-recognised source of structural uncertainty in digital soil mapping</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Adeniyi</surname>
<given-names>Odunayo David</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-9255</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xia</surname>
<given-names>Yushu</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8250-5381</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schillaci</surname>
<given-names>Calogero</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-5697</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ouzemou</surname>
<given-names>Jamal-Eddine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kaya</surname>
<given-names>Fuat</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0011-9020</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Amazirh</surname>
<given-names>Abdelhakim</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-3843</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Maerker</surname>
<given-names>Michael</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>CMCC Foundation, Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Center for Remote Sensing Applications (CRSA), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, UM6P, Campus Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260 Isparta, Türkiye</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Working Group on Soil Erosion and Feedback, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institute for Georesources and Geodynamics, Via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>07</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>12</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Odunayo David Adeniyi et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4516/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4516/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4516/egusphere-2026-4516.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4516/egusphere-2026-4516.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Digital soil mapping (DSM) produces spatially continuous soil information for land-use planning, carbon accounting, and Earth system analysis, resting on the SCORPAN framework and its use of remote-sensing and terrain covariates as indicators of soil-forming processes. Similar approaches estimate ecological and hydrological conditions from vegetation, moisture, and climate data. Two assumptions receive little scrutiny: that soil-covariate relationships stay constant in space and time, and that covariates act as independent predictors. In reality vegetation, soil, and water form a coupled system in which each influences the others, and the strength and even the direction of these interactions vary across landscapes and shift over time. We argue that these dynamic relationships are an important but under-recognised source of structural uncertainty, distinct from the sampling, measurement, and model-fitting error usually partitioned in DSM. Drawing on wetlands, drylands, sloping farmland, burned watersheds, drought-affected forests, and thawing permafrost, we show how the feedbacks break the assumptions behind DSM, why the same problem affects land-surface, ecological, and hydrological models, and how mapping might be made feedback-aware.</p>
</abstract>
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