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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4426</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Investigating the cloud liquid water and droplet concentration relationship across cloud morphologies with machine learning</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Geiss</surname>
<given-names>Andrew</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-4603</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mülmenstädt</surname>
<given-names>Johannes</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-6678</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Varble</surname>
<given-names>Adam C.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-7154</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Christensen</surname>
<given-names>Matthew W.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4273-6644</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xiao</surname>
<given-names>Heng</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1544-8353</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Andrew Geiss et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4426/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4426/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4426/egusphere-2026-4426.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4426/egusphere-2026-4426.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The relationship between cloud droplet number concentration (&lt;em&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;) and cloud liquid water path (𝓛) is investigated in the context of detailed information about cloud morphology derived from self-supervised machine learning (ML) interpretation of satellite imagery over the North Atlantic ocean. While different cloud morphologies occupy distinct regions in the 𝓛-&lt;em&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; phase space, the &amp;ldquo;inverted-V&amp;rdquo; relationship observed between 𝓛 and &lt;em&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; does not arise as a result of their distribution in this space, and most cloud morphologies independently exhibit the inverted-V pattern to some degree. A novel approach to investigate this relationship is demonstrated using continuous vector space image embedding representations of cloud morphology produced by the self-supervised ML. Analysis of non-linear regression between these cloud morphology representations, &lt;em&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;, and 𝓛 indicates that while cloud morphology information can explain most of the variance in 𝓛 between cloud scenes, the portion of 𝓛 variance that can be explained by &lt;em&gt;N&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; is mostly independent of cloud morphology and explains the inverted-V pattern.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="29"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Biological and Environmental Research</funding-source>
<award-id>KP1701010/57131</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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