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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4425</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Deep Atmosphere Extension of the Non-hydrostatic HOMME Dynamical Core</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hughes</surname>
<given-names>Owen Kenneth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Guba</surname>
<given-names>Oksana</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7242-7001</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Taylor</surname>
<given-names>Mark</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9267-2554</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jablonowski</surname>
<given-names>Christiane</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-0092</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>11</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>33</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Owen Kenneth Hughes et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4425/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4425/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4425/egusphere-2026-4425.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4425/egusphere-2026-4425.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We introduce an extension of the Higher Order Methods Modeling Environment (HOMME) dynamical core that solves the non-hydrostatic deep-atmosphere equations of motion. We call this extension NHD HOMME. Our extension satisfies analogs of the mimetic properties obeyed by the operational non-hydrostatic shallow-atmosphere (NHS) configuration of HOMME. Consequently, we demonstrate that our extension conserves energy under perfect temporal integration. We validate the software implementation of NHD HOMME using several idealized test cases. Small-earth steady-state experiments with a baroclinically unstable steady-state test case show that the horizontal discretizations in NHS HOMME and NHD HOMME are of comparable quality. Small-planet baroclinic wave tests match results from other deep-atmosphere dynamical cores in the literature. We find further evidence that baroclinic wave structure is sensitive to differences in the steady-state in different equation sets. In addition, we find that NHD HOMME produces small-planet Held-Suarez simulations that show an easterly equatorial zonal wind bias induced by discarding the Non-traditional Coriolis Terms (NCTs). These match results observed in other deep-atmosphere dynamical cores. Finally, simulations of the Matsuno-Gill idealized tropical heating forcing show that discarding the NCTs induces systematic errors in the linear response to large-scale heating on planets the size of earth. NHD HOMME will be provided as a switch-on option in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="33"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>U.S. Department of Energy</funding-source>
<award-id>DE- SC0023220</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>U.S. Department of Energy</funding-source>
<award-id>DE-NA0003525</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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