Ocean mesoscale phenomena ("mesoscale eddies") are fundamental components in mediating air-sea heat and momentum fluxes through anomalies of sea surface temperatures and currents. Yet, their impacts on air-sea gas fluxes, such as carbon dioxide, CO₂, and oxygen, O₂, through changing solubility and biological cycling, remain underexplored. This study aims to diagnose global patterns of ocean mesoscale CO₂ and O₂ flux anomalies and their drivers. To this end, we use results from an ocean eddy-rich 0.1&deg; GFDL climate model (CM2.6), namely a preindustrial control simulation and an idealized climate change simulation with a linear increase in atmospheric CO₂ until CO₂ doubling is reached. Mesoscale air-sea CO₂ and O₂ flux anomalies are isolated from large-scale signals by applying spatial filtering to monthly averaged model results.</p> <p>We find that globally mesoscale variability explains approximately 6&ndash;7 % of the variance in CO₂ and O₂ fluxes, with regional contributions exceeding 30 %. We present an analytical framework to attribute air-sea CO₂ and O₂ flux anomalies to thermally-driven solubility effects versus biological imprints, based on the sign of the correlation between CO₂ and O₂ flux anomalies.</p> <p>We find a clear regional imprint in the mechanisms by which mesoscale eddies influence CO₂ and O₂ fluxes. In subtropical and mid-latitude regions, CO₂ and O₂ flux anomalies are predominantly of the same sign, indicating that mesoscale eddies impact gas fluxes mainly through solubility changes. In tropical and high-latitude regions the effect of mesoscale eddies on CO₂ and O₂ flux is mostly of biological origin, as indicated by an opposite sign of CO₂ and O₂ flux anomalies, either caused by changes in biological productivity or upwelling of a respiration signal from the ocean interior. Although the regions with a biological imprint globally cover an area comparable to solubility-driven regions globally, the associated flux anomalies are larger in magnitude, causing the biological drivers to dominate the globally integrated absolute mesoscale anomalies, representing approximately two-thirds of the total signal, and account for 7&ndash;9 % to global variance (compared to 5&ndash;7 % for solubility-driven regions). Under CO₂ doubling, solubility-driven regions expand and fluxes intensify, increasing their relative contribution, though the large-scale patterns of drivers remain the same. The biological contribution remains dominant for O₂, while the relative importance of solubility-driven processes increases for both gases under warming. Our results highlight the spatial organization of mesoscale-driven air-sea gas fluxes into distinct regimes and demonstrate that, on a global scale, a biological imprint dominates the magnitude of mesoscale CO₂ and O₂ flux anomalies.