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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4270</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Performance assessment of real-time earthquake localization algorithms for Earthquake Early Warning Systems in the Ibero-Maghrebian Region</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Escudero</surname>
<given-names>Lucía</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4418-1338</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mattesini</surname>
<given-names>Maurizio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7744-8626</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zollo</surname>
<given-names>Aldo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-9566</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>De Landro</surname>
<given-names>Grazia</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-1357</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Elia</surname>
<given-names>Luca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Buforn</surname>
<given-names>Elisa</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-8199</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics &quot;Ettore Pancini&quot;, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Osservatorio Vesuviano, National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, 80125 Naples, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Lucía Escudero et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4270/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4270/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4270/egusphere-2026-4270.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4270/egusphere-2026-4270.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We evaluate the performance of two real-time earthquake location algorithms, &lt;em&gt;RTLoc&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;MParLoc&lt;/em&gt;, implemented in the Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS) &lt;em&gt;QuakeUp&lt;/em&gt;. Specifically, we assess whether the recently developed &lt;em&gt;MParLoc&lt;/em&gt; algorithm&amp;mdash;which incorporates P-wave arrival times, P-peak amplitude ratios, and back-azimuth estimates&amp;mdash;improves earthquake localization accuracy in the Ibero-Maghrebian Region (IMR). Analyzing M&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; &amp;ge; 4 earthquakes recorded in the IMR between 2011 and 2026, we find that &lt;em&gt;MParLoc&lt;/em&gt; generally outperforms &lt;em&gt;RTLoc&lt;/em&gt;. It yields hypocentral locations significantly closer to reference solutions, particularly during the earliest stages after earthquake detection, when only a few stations and short P-wave windows are available. Although both methods converge as more P-wave picks accumulate, &lt;em&gt;MParLoc&lt;/em&gt;&amp;rsquo;s early-stage precision is critical. Hypocentral accuracy strongly influences the distance term in the ground motion prediction equations used to generate real-time shakemaps, which define the spatial distribution of expected ground shaking and delineate Potential Damage Zones (PDZs). The results indicate that implementing &lt;em&gt;MParLoc&lt;/em&gt; in PDZ-based EEWS like &lt;em&gt;QuakeUp&lt;/em&gt; would significantly improve warning performance in the IMR, especially during the initial stages of an earthquake, by reducing the time to first alert, increasing lead-time for emergency safety actions, and providing valuable scientific and operational information for emergency response.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Universidad Complutense de Madrid</funding-source>
<award-id>PR10/26-32654</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs2">
<funding-source>Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades</funding-source>
<award-id>PID2021-122662OB-I00</award-id>
<award-id>PID2025-168660OB-I00</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="gs3">
<funding-source>Comunidad de Madrid</funding-source>
<award-id>PIPF-2024/COM-34266</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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