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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4216</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>A multi-site climatology of aerosol mixing state from hygroscopicity measurements</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yicen</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-9006</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Shengqian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Jian</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2815-4170</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Riemer</surname>
<given-names>Nicole</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3220-3457</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Climate, Meteorology, and Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>28</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>20</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Yicen Liu et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4216/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4216/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4216/egusphere-2026-4216.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4216/egusphere-2026-4216.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We present an expanded, size-resolved observational climatology of aerosol mixing state inferred from hygroscopicity measurements. Using &amp;kappa;-PDFs from long-term and campaign-based HTDMA observations at eight sites spanning urban, continental, coastal, marine environments, we infer the aerosol mixing state index &amp;chi; across multiple particle sizes and four seasons. Building on a previously evaluated &amp;kappa;-to-&amp;chi; framework, we synthesize these datasets to characterize spatial, seasonal, and size-dependent variability in aerosol mixing state, with attention to retrieval limitations and site-dependent. We find that continental and accumulation-mode aerosol populations generally exhibit consistently higher &amp;chi;, whereas marine and urban-influenced sites tend to be more externally mixed and show greater variability. Across most sites, &amp;chi; increases with particle size, consistent with the stronger atmospheric aging of accumulation-mode particles. The use of D&lt;sub&gt;&amp;alpha;&lt;/sub&gt;-D&lt;sub&gt;&amp;gamma;&lt;/sub&gt; diagnostics provides insight into the processes controlling the observed variability in &amp;chi;. These results provide observational constraints on the size dependence, seasonal variability, and environmental controls of aerosol mixing state, and establish benchmarks for evaluating mixing-state assumptions in aerosol models relevant to cloud activation and radiative effects.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="20"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Biological and Environmental Research</funding-source>
<award-id>DE-SC0025197</award-id>
<award-id>DE-SC0025873</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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