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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4135</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Modulation of the Semi-Annual Oscillation in QBOi Models</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>M. Jaison</surname>
<given-names>Aleena</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5613-216X</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gray</surname>
<given-names>Lesley J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Osprey</surname>
<given-names>Scott M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8751-1211</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Anstey</surname>
<given-names>James A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Andrews</surname>
<given-names>Martin B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Butchart</surname>
<given-names>Neal</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chai</surname>
<given-names>Zhaoyang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-9066</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hong</surname>
<given-names>Dong-Chan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huang</surname>
<given-names>Kai</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kawatani</surname>
<given-names>Yoshio</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3260-8830</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Knight</surname>
<given-names>Jeff R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Pu</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lott</surname>
<given-names>Francois</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>Yixiong</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9823-9367</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Naoe</surname>
<given-names>Hiroaki</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0854</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Richter</surname>
<given-names>Jadwiga H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rosenbloom</surname>
<given-names>Nan</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-3346</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Serva</surname>
<given-names>Federico</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7118-0817</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Anne K.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-5033</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Son</surname>
<given-names>Seok-Woo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2982-9501</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tang</surname>
<given-names>Qi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-0203</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Watanabe</surname>
<given-names>Shingo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Xie</surname>
<given-names>Jinbo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3003-9155</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Yoshida</surname>
<given-names>Kohei</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2422-5584</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Space, Plasma and Climate, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>National Centre for Atmospheric Science, Oxford, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma), Victoria, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Met Office Hadley Centre (MOHC), Exeter, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD), Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Meteorological Science and Technology, Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISMAR), Rome, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>Advanced Institute for Marine Ecosystem Change (WPI-AIMEC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>High Meadows Environmental Institute (HMEI), Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Aleena M. Jaison et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4135/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4135/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4135/egusphere-2026-4135.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4135/egusphere-2026-4135.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>&lt;span&gt;As part of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) phase 1, a model-intercomparison study explored the representation of the semi-annual oscillation (SAO) in participating models and found a common easterly bias of several tens of m/s compared to observations, mostly with weaker westerly phases and stronger easterly phases. QBOi phase 1 results also reported biases in model representations of the QBO, which dominates the region below the SAO, with most models displaying a westerly time mean wind bias, and generally weaker QBO easterly phases. Given that the SAO forcing terms can be influenced by the QBO, in this paper we explore the influence of these QBO biases on the representation of the SAO. A multi-model analysis is conducted here using QBOi phase 2 data from current state-of-the-art climate models to examine changes in representation of the SAO in response to corrections in zonal-mean zonal wind QBO biases. Most models show an improvement with a reduced easterly SAO bias in response to the corrected QBO bias. The extent of this response is found to vary significantly across models with SAO time-mean winds changing by 6 % to 403 % in simulations with a bias-corrected QBO relative to the control simulations. Changed gravity wave drag in response to the improved QBO is attributed as the forcing term having the largest overall impact.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="32"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>UK Research and Innovation</funding-source>
<award-id>CANARI Project</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
</back>
</article>