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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-4008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Sensitivity of the Summertime Diurnal Precipitation Cycle over China to Convective Trigger and Closure Treatments in a Single-Column Model</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Xiaocong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yanjie</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3012-3307</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Yimin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Xiaocong Wang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4008/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4008/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4008/egusphere-2026-4008.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-4008/egusphere-2026-4008.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Using a single‑column model, we investigate how trigger and closure treatments in ZM, TDK, and UNICON convection schemes affect DCP over China. For late-afternoon rainfall, TDK and ZM schemes with standard CAPE closure simulate precipitation peaks around noon, substantially earlier than observed. The UNICON scheme, with cold‑pool feedback deactivated, also produces a noontime peak. For nocturnal rainfall, all schemes spuriously produce a noontime peak, in stark contrast to the observed nocturnal maximum. These behaviors are closely related to closure assumptions , which is primarily governed by CAPE in ZM and TDK, and responds more directly to surface fluxes in UNICON. By accounting for the imbalance between deep convection and boundary‑layer production through specific modifications: adopting the dCAPE trigger in ZM, activating cold‑pool feedback in UNICON, and applying the non‑equilibrium closure in TDK, the simulated afternoon precipitation is delayed and in better agreement with observations. In addition, allowing elevated convection in ZM and UNICON improves nocturnal rainfall. The improved diurnal cycle is also evident in the diabatic heating fields. All modifications lead to a delayed and more pronounced upward‑tilting heating structure as a result of the suppression of early-afternoon convection, with ZM and TDK extending to higher altitudes, while both intensified and extended in UNICON. These changes alleviate the upper‑level cold bias in TDK and ZM. In UNICON, however, the overly strong convection reverses the upper‑tropospheric bias from cold to warm with stronger magnitude, thereby worsening the bias.</p>
</abstract>
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