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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-3977</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Trends in Some Characteristics of the Warm-Season Tropopause-Level Jet Streams in Both Hemispheres</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Orr</surname>
<given-names>Libby</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>34</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Libby Orr</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3977/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3977/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3977/egusphere-2026-3977.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3977/egusphere-2026-3977.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A calendar-year analysis of the isentropic housing of Northern Hemisphere tropopause-level jets is undertaken using three different reanalysis data sets. In contrast to the distinct polar and subtropical jets that characterize the cold season, the analysis reveals that the vast majority of the warm season (May&amp;ndash;October) is characterized by a single tropopause-level jet. Additionally, the warm-season jet is found to occupy an isentropic space adjacent to that of the cold-season subtropical jet inviting the interpretation that the traditional polar jet erodes away during the warm-season.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Trends in the waviness, average speed, and latitudinal location of this unimodal warm-season jet are assessed using the recently developed average latitudinal displacement (ALD) methodology. While the results among the various data sets are not as uniform for the warm-season jet as prior work suggests they are for the cold-season polar and subtropical jets, the analysis concludes that the unimodal jet has experienced a slight increase in waviness. Simultaneously, it has undergone a slight decrease in average speed implying that a nearly steady circulation has stirred the NH warm season extratropics over the last 40 years. A similar analysis of the SH warm-season jet reveals that it is also unimodal, has gotten systematically wavier over the same interval and appears to have also sped up on average. Possible implications of these hemispheric differences are discussed.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="34"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>National Science Foundation</funding-source>
<award-id>2055667</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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<back>
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</article>