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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-3835</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>High temporal resolution in-situ measurement of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes through Arctic shrub-tundra snowpacks</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dutch</surname>
<given-names>Victoria R.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4482-2853</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rutter</surname>
<given-names>Nick</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-3575</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Khan</surname>
<given-names>Muhammad Waqas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mavrovic</surname>
<given-names>Alex</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4314-4461</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Roy</surname>
<given-names>Alexandre</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-3619</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Modestou</surname>
<given-names>Sevi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-5551</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sonnentag</surname>
<given-names>Oliver</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Voigt</surname>
<given-names>Carolina</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marsh</surname>
<given-names>Philip</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3618-6893</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mann</surname>
<given-names>Paul J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6221-3533</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>School of Geography and Natural Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Cégep Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Département des sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Victoria R. Dutch et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3835/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3835/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3835/egusphere-2026-3835.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3835/egusphere-2026-3835.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Wintertime carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) emissions from tundra soils likely make a sizable contribution to terrestrial annual Arctic carbon budgets. However, poor availability of wintertime CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux measurements limits current capacity to quantify the magnitude and variability of non-growing season carbon emissions from Arctic soils, and identify key environmental drivers of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; production and release. To address this, low-cost CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; logging systems were developed and deployed in snowpacks at Trail Valley Creek, NT, Canada during late winter periods in 2021&amp;ndash;2022 and 2022&amp;ndash;2023. CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes calculated from sub-hourly gradients in CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations demonstrated consistent positive (ground-to-atmosphere) emissions, with median flux rates of 0.03 to 0.35 g C m&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; d&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, across a range of vegetation types (shrub, tree, tussock) and snow depths (34&amp;ndash;136 cm). &amp;nbsp;Stable carbon isotope (&lt;em&gt;&amp;delta;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C-CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) analyses confirmed isotopic enrichment of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; at the base of the snowpack originating from soil emission, and that snowpack gases mixed sequentially with atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; as they travelled through upper snow layers. Snowpack CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration gradients and resultant fluxes were impacted by seasonal increases in air and soil temperatures, especially as near-ground gas temperatures approached the zero-curtain (0 &amp;deg;C) threshold during the winter-spring transition. Positive relationships between CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux and warming subnivean temperatures across the study site were similar in magnitude to those observed in pan-Arctic winter syntheses. Our results highlight that low-cost sensors may provide a robust and scalable method for monitoring the spatial variability of in-situ winter CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes through snow at high temporal resolution and provide unique insights into winter carbon processes.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="24"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>UK Research and Innovation</funding-source>
<award-id>Carbon Emissions under Arctic Snow – grant # NE/W003686/1).</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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