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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-3783</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>SEMPAS: A UV-visible Spectroscopy Instrument for Monitoring Shipping Emissions and Atmospheric Composition on the North Sea</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mettepenningen</surname>
<given-names>Gytha</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0327-1328</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fayt</surname>
<given-names>Caroline</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Van Doorne</surname>
<given-names>Cato</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Aubry</surname>
<given-names>Aurélien</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Berkenbosch</surname>
<given-names>Sophie</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>De Mazière</surname>
<given-names>Martine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Desmet</surname>
<given-names>Filip</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jacobs</surname>
<given-names>Lars</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Neefs</surname>
<given-names>Eddy</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tack</surname>
<given-names>Frederik</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Van Laar</surname>
<given-names>Timo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mensink</surname>
<given-names>Clemens</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Van Roozendael</surname>
<given-names>Michel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Ringlaan 3, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Vlaams Instituut voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Ghent University, Dept. of Physics &amp; Astronomy, Krijgslaan 281, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>20</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>35</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Gytha Mettepenningen et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3783/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3783/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3783/egusphere-2026-3783.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3783/egusphere-2026-3783.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Ship emissions contribute significantly to global transport pollution, foremost NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;. To mitigate this issue, emission regulated areas have been established, such as in the North Sea. Monitoring systems are essential to ensure consistent compliance to the emission limits. The Ship Emission Monitoring with Passive Absorption Spectroscopy (SEMPAS) instrument has been developed to provide operational monitoring of individual ships; as they transit past the instrument&apos;s on-shore or off-shore installation location. SEMPAS applies the UV-visible Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) technique to identify SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the UV, serving as qualitative proxies for NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions. Through an optical fiber bundle organised as a matrix, a coarse 2D scene of the ship plume is captured. Robust housing protects the hardware from the marine environment. The instrument is equipped with a camera, coupled with image recognition software and an Automatic Identification System (AIS) receiver to identify individual ships. The vessels are actively tracked along their trajectory, to perform multiple consecutive measurements of a single ship. In the absence of nearby ships, the instrument operates as a Multi-Axis (MAX-)DOAS system providing regular measurements of the vertical profiles of NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and HCHO. These can be used for atmospheric composition research, as well as satellite validation in a marine environment. In this study, first shipping results are presented from a test campaign in Zeebrugge, Belgium. The ship tracking algorithm is stable, while NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; measurements show large variations. A good agreement is found between MAX-DOAS measurements and satellite observations, with discrepancies dominated by local emissions from the port environment.</p>
</abstract>
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<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>FOD Volksgezondheid, Veiligheid van de Voedselketen en Leefmilieu</funding-source>
<award-id>5000008777</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
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