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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-3716</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Supercooled nitrate solution on ice at 232 K: Enhanced HONO yields</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Manoharan</surname>
<given-names>Yanisha</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Golay</surname>
<given-names>Zoë M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6654-0862</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gabathuler</surname>
<given-names>Jérôme P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Boucly</surname>
<given-names>Anthony</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Artiglia</surname>
<given-names>Luca</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ammann</surname>
<given-names>Markus</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-9000</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bartels Rausch</surname>
<given-names>Thorsten</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-2572</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>PSI Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, Villigen, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>now at: Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z1, BC, Canada</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>27</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>23</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Yanisha Manoharan et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3716/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3716/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3716/egusphere-2026-3716.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3716/egusphere-2026-3716.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Snowpack nitrate photolysis is a major source of nitrogen oxides and nitrous acid that control atmospheric oxidants in polar environments. It remains unclear at what temperature nitrate salts crystalize in snow and how this impacts the photolysis product yields. Here we show, using near‑edge X‑ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, that sodium nitrate does not precipitate at temperatures down to 23 K below the eutectic temperature at ice surfaces, but does so in absence of ice. This indicates that strong interfacial supercooling or liquid‑like solvation persists. Complementary snow photolysis experiments demonstrate that such liquid-like nitrate shows a higher HONO to NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission ratio than precipitated nitrate, which is consistent with the enhanced role of secondary chemistry in the aqueous phase. These findings show that supercooled nitrate might be present over wide ranges of Arctic, Antarctic, and upper tropospheric temperatures with a significant impact on the HONO and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes and thus the composition and chemistry in the air above snow or in contact with ice clouds.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="23"/></counts>
<funding-group>
<award-group id="gs1">
<funding-source>Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung</funding-source>
<award-id>178 962</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
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