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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">EGUsphere</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>EGUsphere</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">EGUsphere</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub"></issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/egusphere-2026-3595</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>MioMIP2: Experimental design for Phase 1 &amp;amp; 2 of the Miocene component of the CMIP7/PMIP7 Deep-time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP-Miocene)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Burls</surname>
<given-names>Natalie J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-3808</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff68">
<sup>68</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wright</surname>
<given-names>Nicky M.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-3193</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff68">
<sup>68</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Acosta</surname>
<given-names>R. Paul</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3978-1727</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bradshaw</surname>
<given-names>Catherine D.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gasson</surname>
<given-names>Edward</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stap</surname>
<given-names>Lennert B.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2108-3533</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ramstein</surname>
<given-names>Gilles</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
<sup>9</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Halberstadt</surname>
<given-names>Anna Ruth W.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2582-7074</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
<sup>10</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>De Boer</surname>
<given-names>Agatha M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Akgün</surname>
<given-names>Funda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
<sup>12</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cantrill</surname>
<given-names>David J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
<sup>13</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
<sup>14</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Casas-Gallego</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9802-9762</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
<sup>15</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Doláková</surname>
<given-names>Nela</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
<sup>16</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Erdei</surname>
<given-names>Boglarka</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
<sup>17</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Farnsworth</surname>
<given-names>Alex</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5585-5338</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Feakins</surname>
<given-names>Sarah</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-2423</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
<sup>19</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Feng</surname>
<given-names>Ran</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fletcher</surname>
<given-names>Tamara</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
<sup>21</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fluteau</surname>
<given-names>Frédéric</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9952-7325</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">
<sup>22</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Green</surname>
<given-names>J. A. Mattias</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5090-1040</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">
<sup>23</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>von der Heydt</surname>
<given-names>Anna S.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5557-3282</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
<sup>24</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Huber</surname>
<given-names>Matthew</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2771-9977</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">
<sup>25</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hutchinson</surname>
<given-names>David K.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-4782</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">
<sup>26</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ivanov</surname>
<given-names>Dimiter</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0677-6569</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
<sup>27</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kayseri-Özer</surname>
<given-names>Mine Sezgül</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2712-2457</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">
<sup>28</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Knorr</surname>
<given-names>Gregor</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-5046</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">
<sup>29</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kováčová</surname>
<given-names>Marianna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">
<sup>30</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lear</surname>
<given-names>Caroline H.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-4430</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">
<sup>31</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>LeGrande</surname>
<given-names>Allegra N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">
<sup>32</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Shufeng</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33">
<sup>33</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Xiaoqing</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7647-7364</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">
<sup>25</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lunt</surname>
<given-names>Daniel J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-6928</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Meissner</surname>
<given-names>Katrin</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0716-7415</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">
<sup>26</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Miao</surname>
<given-names>Yunfa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34">
<sup>34</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Naik</surname>
<given-names>Trusha J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9472-0399</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Navarro</surname>
<given-names>Javier B.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5898-5904</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35">
<sup>35</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Novak</surname>
<given-names>Joseph B.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8569-2645</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36">
<sup>36</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ochoa</surname>
<given-names>Diana</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-4202</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37">
<sup>37</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Paxman</surname>
<given-names>Guy J.G.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1787-7442</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38">
<sup>38</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pound</surname>
<given-names>Matthew J.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8029-9548</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">
<sup>39</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Rae</surname>
<given-names>James W. B.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3904-2526</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40">
<sup>40</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reichgelt</surname>
<given-names>Tammo</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8652-5489</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Renoult</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
<sup>11</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sangiorgi</surname>
<given-names>Francesca</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4233-6154</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41">
<sup>41</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sarr</surname>
<given-names>Anta-Clarisse</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-5355</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42">
<sup>42</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Segalla</surname>
<given-names>Diane</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sepulchre</surname>
<given-names>Pierre</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4267-4025</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shevenell</surname>
<given-names>Amelia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43">
<sup>43</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Steinig</surname>
<given-names>Sebastian</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
<sup>18</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Straume</surname>
<given-names>Eivind</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff44">
<sup>44</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Strömberg</surname>
<given-names>Caroline A. E.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-0305</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff45">
<sup>45</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tabor</surname>
<given-names>Clay</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
<sup>20</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Utescher</surname>
<given-names>Torsten</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9178-0553</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46">
<sup>46</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff47">
<sup>47</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Weiffenbach</surname>
<given-names>Julia E.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4157-7178</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
<sup>24</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Worobiec</surname>
<given-names>Elżbieta</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-9602</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff48">
<sup>48</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Yurui</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff49">
<sup>49</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Feng</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-2953</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff50">
<sup>50</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhu</surname>
<given-names>Jiang</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-5130</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff50">
<sup>50</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Auderset</surname>
<given-names>Alexandra</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6316-4980</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff51">
<sup>51</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Colleoni</surname>
<given-names>Florence</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff52">
<sup>52</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dolan</surname>
<given-names>Aisling</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-9648</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff53">
<sup>53</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Havranek</surname>
<given-names>Rachel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff54">
<sup>54</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Holbourn</surname>
<given-names>Ann</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff55">
<sup>55</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff69">
<sup>69</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Herold</surname>
<given-names>Nicholas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff56">
<sup>56</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Daeun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff57">
<sup>57</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Marschalek</surname>
<given-names>James W.</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2057-4012</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff58">
<sup>58</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mitsunaga</surname>
<given-names>Bryce</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff59">
<sup>59</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Modestou</surname>
<given-names>Sevi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9820-5551</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff60">
<sup>60</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Perez-Angel</surname>
<given-names>Lina</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2920-7967</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff61">
<sup>61</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Saslaw</surname>
<given-names>Mae</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0169-6487</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff62">
<sup>62</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sosdian</surname>
<given-names>Sinda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff63">
<sup>63</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stiles</surname>
<given-names>Elena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff64">
<sup>64</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>Yong</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-6060</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff65">
<sup>65</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>Ning</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff66">
<sup>66</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Zhongshi</given-names>
<ext-link>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2354-1622</ext-link>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff67">
<sup>67</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Yan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff65">
<sup>65</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences &amp; the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>The Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Statistics Netherlands, The Hague, Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff9">
<label>9</label>
<addr-line>Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Guyancourt, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff10">
<label>10</label>
<addr-line>The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff11">
<label>11</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geological Sciences, Bolin Center for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff12">
<label>12</label>
<addr-line>Dokuz Eylül University, Department of Geology Engineering, Tınaztepe Campus, Buca-İzmir, Türkiye</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff13">
<label>13</label>
<addr-line>Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff14">
<label>14</label>
<addr-line>School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff15">
<label>15</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geodynamics, Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff16">
<label>16</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geological Sciences, Masaryk University, Czech Republic</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff17">
<label>17</label>
<addr-line>Botanical Department, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff18">
<label>18</label>
<addr-line>School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff19">
<label>19</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff20">
<label>20</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Connecticut, 40 Storrs, CT, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff21">
<label>21</label>
<addr-line>School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff22">
<label>22</label>
<addr-line>Université Paris Cité, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff23">
<label>23</label>
<addr-line>School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff24">
<label>24</label>
<addr-line>Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff25">
<label>25</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff26">
<label>26</label>
<addr-line>Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff27">
<label>27</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff28">
<label>28</label>
<addr-line>Dokuz Eylül University, Institute of Marine Science and Technology, İzmir, Türkiye</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff29">
<label>29</label>
<addr-line>Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff30">
<label>30</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geology and Paleontology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff31">
<label>31</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff32">
<label>32</label>
<addr-line>NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff33">
<label>33</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff34">
<label>34</label>
<addr-line>Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff35">
<label>35</label>
<addr-line>Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff36">
<label>36</label>
<addr-line>Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff37">
<label>37</label>
<addr-line>Geology Department, Salamanca University, Salamanca, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff38">
<label>38</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff39">
<label>39</label>
<addr-line>School of Geography and Natural Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff40">
<label>40</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff41">
<label>41</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff42">
<label>42</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, USA; Now at: Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff43">
<label>43</label>
<addr-line>University of South Florida, College of Marine Science, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff44">
<label>44</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff45">
<label>45</label>
<addr-line>Department of Biology &amp; Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff46">
<label>46</label>
<addr-line>Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/M., Senckenberg Research Station of Quaternary Palaeontology, Weimar, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff47">
<label>47</label>
<addr-line>Research Station of Quaternary Palaeontology, Weimar; Institute for Geosciences, Geological Department, Bonn University, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff48">
<label>48</label>
<addr-line>W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff49">
<label>49</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean &amp; Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff50">
<label>50</label>
<addr-line>NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff51">
<label>51</label>
<addr-line>University of Southampton, School of Ocean and Earth Science, Southampton, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff52">
<label>52</label>
<addr-line>National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics, OGS, Trieste, Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff53">
<label>53</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff54">
<label>54</label>
<addr-line>Science Research Initiative, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff55">
<label>55</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff56">
<label>56</label>
<addr-line>Applied Climate Science Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff57">
<label>57</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff58">
<label>58</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff59">
<label>59</label>
<addr-line>Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff60">
<label>60</label>
<addr-line>Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff61">
<label>61</label>
<addr-line>Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff62">
<label>62</label>
<addr-line>The Earth Commons, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff63">
<label>63</label>
<addr-line>School of Earth &amp; Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff64">
<label>64</label>
<addr-line>Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, United States</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff65">
<label>65</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff66">
<label>66</label>
<addr-line>State Key Laboratory Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff67">
<label>67</label>
<addr-line>Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, School of Earth and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff68">
<label>68</label>
<addr-line>These authors contributed equally to this work.</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff69">
<label>69</label>
<addr-line>deceased</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2026</volume>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<lpage>88</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2026 Natalie J. Burls et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3595/">This article is available from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3595/</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3595/egusphere-2026-3595.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2026/egusphere-2026-3595/egusphere-2026-3595.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The Miocene Epoch has emerged as an important paleoclimate model intercomparison target due to its dynamic nature, global warmth, and reconstructed atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations. Miocene CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; estimates range from as low as 300&amp;ndash;600 ppmv to as high as 800&amp;ndash;1100 ppmv. The formalized Miocene Model Intercomparison Project (MioMIP2) aims to address questions about the mechanisms driving the climatic changes and tipping points seen in the geological record and improve confidence in the ability of climate models to predict future climates and constrain climate sensitivity. Through alignment with PlioMIP and DeepMIP-Eocene efforts, a coordinated MioMIP (DeepMIP-Miocene) effort will allow for cross-time-period studies that sample the full range of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway paleo analogues. Building on the MioMIP1 &amp;ldquo;MIP of opportunity&amp;rdquo;, the Miocene community has been developing the experimental design for MioMIP2. The MioMIP1 effort was an ensemble of opportunity that leveraged existing Miocene simulations run with different models, boundary conditions, and reference datasets. MioMIP2 will be the first formal Miocene MIP with common boundary conditions and will target the Miocene Climatic Optimum (MCO; 16.75&amp;ndash;14.5 Ma). We present the experimental design for coordinated &amp;ldquo;CORE&amp;rdquo; MCO simulations and sensitivity studies. This community effort synthesizes paleogeography, ice sheet, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and vegetation boundary conditions based on the latest available literature and will use geological data from companion proxy synthesis efforts to evaluate the simulations.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="88"/></counts>
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