The southwestern United States is characterized by arid meteorology, responsive vegetation, intense solar radiation, anthropogenic emissions, and dust events that shape regional air quality. Elevated ground-level ozone (O₃) concentrations are a primary air quality concern, driven by interactions between chemical precursors, including nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and meteorological variables. We examine these dynamics over Tucson, Arizona, using a multi-platform correlation analysis of satellite total-column measurements from Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO), ground-based total-column and surface measurements from Pandora, surface measurements from U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS), and lidar-derived planetary boundary layer height (PBLH). We address three objectives: (1) characterize the diurnal and seasonal evolution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and formaldehyde (HCHO), (2) quantify the strength and variability of O₃-precursor relationships across diurnal and seasonal timescales, and (3) investigate evidence of nonlinear O₃ formation behavior. We show that tropospheric O₃ precursors exhibit distinct diurnal and seasonal trends with NO₂ peaking during winter nighttime, HCHO peaking during monsoon summer with concentrations 2.5–3.7 times higher than non-monsoon periods, and O₃ peaking in late spring and summer afternoons. The strongest O₃-NO₂ and O₃-HCHO correlations occur during summer afternoons and when HCHO precedes O₃ by several hours, respectively. Evidence of nonlinear O₃ behavior emerges through seasonal shifts in diurnal correlation structure. PBLH-normalization improves column-surface agreement for NO₂ but not HCHO. These results highlight the importance of meteorology-chemistry-emissions coupling and the need to implement various observational contexts when interpreting precursor observations for O₃ mitigation.